UNIT 1- Extemporaneous Compounding Flashcards

1
Q

small-scale manufacture of medicines from basic ingredients

- following GPP

A

Compounding

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2
Q

Equipments involved in measuring of compounded materials

A
  • Weighing balances
  • Measuring liquids
  • Measuring small volumes
  • Tared containers
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3
Q

Common weighing balance

A

Class B

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4
Q

Commonly used in measuring small volumes

A

-graduated pipettes (5ml to 0.1mL) for less than 0.1 mL, titration should be used

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5
Q

Equipments involved in Mixing and Grinding

A
  • Mortar and pestle (glass or porcelain)
  • Filters (muslin or sintered glass filters)
  • Bunsen burners
  • Water baths
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6
Q

An organization process in which equipment and utensils must be scrupulously clean in order to prevent
contamination.

A

Cleanliness

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7
Q

An organization process in which A clean white overall should be worn. Hair should be tied

A

Appearance

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8
Q

An organization process in which it is an essential part in dispensing. It
provides ingredients used, procedures, and calculations. Disorganized approach may lead
to errors.

A

Documenting procedures and results

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9
Q

Technique in mixing liquids

A
  • stirring or shaking

- directly proportional to its viscosity

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10
Q

Technique in mixing solids with liquids

A
  • solubility of solid should be considered

- particle size reduction is important

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11
Q

Technique in mixing solids with solids

A
  • “doubling-up”

- small quantity of powder has to be mixed with a large quantity to achieve effective mixing

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12
Q

Technique in mixing semi-solids

A

-two or more ointment bases may be mixed together

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13
Q

functions as a means for fluid replacement, electrolyte balance restoration and
supplementary nutrition, and as vehicles for administration of other drug substances and in TPN.

A

IV Fluids

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14
Q

mL of Large volume parenterals

A

100-1000 mL

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15
Q

mL of Small volume parenterals

A

25-50 mL

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16
Q
  • when one or more sterile products are added to an IV fluid for administration
  • it is prepared with aseptic technique or environment provided by laminar flowhood, in which the
    air is filtered through HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter
    • HEPA filters remove 99.97% of all particles larger
A

IV Admixture

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17
Q

method of feeding the patient by infusing a mixture of all necessary nutrients into the circulatory
system, bypassing the GIT

A

Total Parenteral Nutrition

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18
Q

for patients who are:
• unable to ingest food due to carcinoma or extensive burns,
• patients who refuse to eat, as in the case of depressed geriatrics or young patients
suffering from anorexia nervosa, and
• surgical patients who should not be fed orally

A

parenteral nutrition (PN)

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19
Q

Dudrick developed the technique for administering fluids for PN by way of ___________

A

subclavian vein into

the superior vena cava

20
Q

Normal Caloric Requirement

A

2500 cal/day for adults

21
Q

Nutritional Requirements for Protein as a source of amino acid

22
Q

Nutritional Requirements for energy as glucose

23
Q

Nutritional Requirements for energy as lipid

24
Q

Nutritional Requirements for energy as lipid emulsion in TPN

25
Nutritional Requirements for proper enzymatic and energy conserving or expending reactions within the body (e.g. sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, phosphate)
Water and Electrolytes
26
Nutritional Requirements for zinc, copper, selenium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, molybdenum
Trace elements
27
Nutritional Requirements for long-term therapy
Vitamins
28
Container
- silicone-based bags | - superseded by PVC and ethyl vinyl acetate
29
Storage
-stored at 2-6˚C not allowed to be stored at room temperature for periods in excess of 12-24 hours required for administration
30
Packaging
polystyrene containers
31
Considerations to prevent precipitation: | Use ____ instead of calcium chloride
calcium gluconate
32
Considerations to prevent precipitation: | ____ should be added near the beginning.
phosphate
33
Considerations to prevent precipitation: | ____ near the end of compounding
calcium
34
Considerations to prevent precipitation: | do not add ____ to solution due to its degradation of calcium
ascorbic acid
35
Considerations to prevent precipitation: | the sum of calcium and magnesium should be ___
< 20 mEq/L
36
Considerations to prevent precipitation: add ___ with caution secondary to higher cation valence and increased destabilizing potential
iron
37
Considerations to prevent precipitation: | keep solution away from ___ temperatures
high
38
USUAL EXTEMPORANEOUS COMPOUNDING IN COMMUNITY AND HOSPITAL PHARMACY:
1. Reconstitution 2. Paper tabs 3. Parenteral antineoplastic agents
39
Safe-handling Guidelines for parenteral antineoplastic agents: Laminar flowhood should be ___
vertical
40
Safe-handling Guidelines for parenteral antineoplastic agents: All syringes and IV tubing should be in
Luer Lock Fitting
41
Safe-handling Guidelines for parenteral antineoplastic agents: PPE should look __ (3)
1. closed-front 2. cuffed gowns resistant to liquid permeation 3. latex/nitrile gloves
42
Safe-handling Guidelines for parenteral antineoplastic agents: final dosage adjustment should be put in ___(3)
1. Vial 2. ampule 3. directly into an absorbent gauze pad
43
Disposed items in the black bin
Hazardous
44
Disposed items in the yellow bin
Trace chemo
45
Where to drain dispose?
sink
46
Gloves used in handling antineoplastic drugs
latex or nitrile gloves