UNIT 1- Extemporaneous Compounding Flashcards

1
Q

small-scale manufacture of medicines from basic ingredients

- following GPP

A

Compounding

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2
Q

Equipments involved in measuring of compounded materials

A
  • Weighing balances
  • Measuring liquids
  • Measuring small volumes
  • Tared containers
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3
Q

Common weighing balance

A

Class B

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4
Q

Commonly used in measuring small volumes

A

-graduated pipettes (5ml to 0.1mL) for less than 0.1 mL, titration should be used

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5
Q

Equipments involved in Mixing and Grinding

A
  • Mortar and pestle (glass or porcelain)
  • Filters (muslin or sintered glass filters)
  • Bunsen burners
  • Water baths
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6
Q

An organization process in which equipment and utensils must be scrupulously clean in order to prevent
contamination.

A

Cleanliness

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7
Q

An organization process in which A clean white overall should be worn. Hair should be tied

A

Appearance

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8
Q

An organization process in which it is an essential part in dispensing. It
provides ingredients used, procedures, and calculations. Disorganized approach may lead
to errors.

A

Documenting procedures and results

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9
Q

Technique in mixing liquids

A
  • stirring or shaking

- directly proportional to its viscosity

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10
Q

Technique in mixing solids with liquids

A
  • solubility of solid should be considered

- particle size reduction is important

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11
Q

Technique in mixing solids with solids

A
  • “doubling-up”

- small quantity of powder has to be mixed with a large quantity to achieve effective mixing

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12
Q

Technique in mixing semi-solids

A

-two or more ointment bases may be mixed together

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13
Q

functions as a means for fluid replacement, electrolyte balance restoration and
supplementary nutrition, and as vehicles for administration of other drug substances and in TPN.

A

IV Fluids

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14
Q

mL of Large volume parenterals

A

100-1000 mL

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15
Q

mL of Small volume parenterals

A

25-50 mL

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16
Q
  • when one or more sterile products are added to an IV fluid for administration
  • it is prepared with aseptic technique or environment provided by laminar flowhood, in which the
    air is filtered through HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter
    • HEPA filters remove 99.97% of all particles larger
A

IV Admixture

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17
Q

method of feeding the patient by infusing a mixture of all necessary nutrients into the circulatory
system, bypassing the GIT

A

Total Parenteral Nutrition

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18
Q

for patients who are:
• unable to ingest food due to carcinoma or extensive burns,
• patients who refuse to eat, as in the case of depressed geriatrics or young patients
suffering from anorexia nervosa, and
• surgical patients who should not be fed orally

A

parenteral nutrition (PN)

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19
Q

Dudrick developed the technique for administering fluids for PN by way of ___________

A

subclavian vein into

the superior vena cava

20
Q

Normal Caloric Requirement

A

2500 cal/day for adults

21
Q

Nutritional Requirements for Protein as a source of amino acid

A

4 kcal/g

22
Q

Nutritional Requirements for energy as glucose

A

4 kcal/g

23
Q

Nutritional Requirements for energy as lipid

A

9 kcal/g

24
Q

Nutritional Requirements for energy as lipid emulsion in TPN

A

10 kcal/g

25
Q

Nutritional Requirements for proper enzymatic and energy conserving or expending reactions
within the body (e.g. sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, phosphate)

A

Water and Electrolytes

26
Q

Nutritional Requirements for zinc, copper, selenium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, molybdenum

A

Trace elements

27
Q

Nutritional Requirements for long-term therapy

A

Vitamins

28
Q

Container

A
  • silicone-based bags

- superseded by PVC and ethyl vinyl acetate

29
Q

Storage

A

-stored at 2-6˚C not allowed to be stored at room temperature for periods in excess of 12-24 hours required for administration

30
Q

Packaging

A

polystyrene containers

31
Q

Considerations to prevent precipitation:

Use ____ instead of calcium chloride

A

calcium gluconate

32
Q

Considerations to prevent precipitation:

____ should be added near the beginning.

A

phosphate

33
Q

Considerations to prevent precipitation:

____ near the end of compounding

A

calcium

34
Q

Considerations to prevent precipitation:

do not add ____ to solution due to its degradation of calcium

A

ascorbic acid

35
Q

Considerations to prevent precipitation:

the sum of calcium and magnesium should be ___

A

< 20 mEq/L

36
Q

Considerations to prevent precipitation:
add ___ with caution secondary to higher cation valence and increased destabilizing
potential

A

iron

37
Q

Considerations to prevent precipitation:

keep solution away from ___ temperatures

A

high

38
Q

USUAL EXTEMPORANEOUS COMPOUNDING IN COMMUNITY AND HOSPITAL PHARMACY:

A
  1. Reconstitution
  2. Paper tabs
  3. Parenteral antineoplastic agents
39
Q

Safe-handling Guidelines for parenteral antineoplastic agents:
Laminar flowhood should be ___

A

vertical

40
Q

Safe-handling Guidelines for parenteral antineoplastic agents:
All syringes and IV tubing should be in

A

Luer Lock Fitting

41
Q

Safe-handling Guidelines for parenteral antineoplastic agents:
PPE should look __ (3)

A
  1. closed-front
  2. cuffed gowns resistant to liquid permeation
  3. latex/nitrile gloves
42
Q

Safe-handling Guidelines for parenteral antineoplastic agents:
final dosage adjustment should be put in ___(3)

A
  1. Vial
  2. ampule
  3. directly into an absorbent gauze pad
43
Q

Disposed items in the black bin

A

Hazardous

44
Q

Disposed items in the yellow bin

A

Trace chemo

45
Q

Where to drain dispose?

A

sink

46
Q

Gloves used in handling antineoplastic drugs

A

latex or nitrile gloves