Unit 1 exam extras

Question 1

drug molecule movement thru body

Answer 1

1. absorption
2. distribution
3. metabolism
4. excretion

Question 2

tetracycline considerations

Answer 2

•don’t take with milk, protein products, or calcium b/c it binds to them and hinders absorption

Question 3

how do barbiturates affect drug metabolism

Answer 3

• they increase metabolic rates, so drugs go through the body much faster
• shortened therapeutic effects

Question 4

why grapefruit juice is contraindicated with many drugs

Answer 4

• GF juice alters metabolizing NZ in liver

* risk for drug toxicity

Question 5

kidney fxn and drug administration

Answer 5

•kidney is main organ responsible for drug excretion
•if impaired, at risk for drug toxicity
*monitor creatinine and BUN levels

Question 6

drugs with narrow therapeutic range

Answer 6

• hard to admin safely b/c toxicity levels are close to the dose needed for therapeutic effects
• Ex: digoxin

Question 7

phase IV of new drug development

Answer 7

•FDA grants approval and new drug is released for general use

Question 8

idyosyncratic effect

Answer 8

•an uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic predisposition

Question 9

Tachyphylaxis

Answer 9

• a reduction in drug responsiveness brought on by repeated dosing over a short time
• Occurs quickly
• type of drug tolerance (uncommon)

Question 10

normal fasting blood glucose

Answer 10

•70-110 mg/dl

Question 11

normal Hgb A1c

Answer 11

• 3.9-6%

* diabetic goal <7%

Question 12

types of insulin used in pumps

Answer 12

*short acting
•regular
•lispro
•aspart
•glulisine

Question 13

types of insulin that can be given IV

Answer 13

•used for emergencies and rapid reduction of blood glucose
•short acting
-regular
-lispro
-aspart
-glulisine

Question 14

sulfonylurea-like drug

Answer 14

•Repaglinide

Question 15

normal BUN

Answer 15

•7-22 mg/dl

• high -> kidney dz
• low -> liver dz

Question 16

normal creatinine

Answer 16

•0.5-1.4 mg/dl

Question 17

warfarin would low albumin level would cause…

Answer 17

•increased PT/INR levels b/c no protein to bind to, so more free drug available

Question 18

fastest PO administration

Answer 18

•elixir (liquid) b/c doesn’t have to dissolve before being absorbed

Question 19

drug property that is most enhanced by many different receptors

Answer 19

•selectivity

Question 20

pharmacodynamic tolerance

Answer 20

•decreased response to a drug as a result of repeated drug admin

Question 21

metabolic tolerance

Answer 21

• accelerated drug metabolism and not repeated dosages

* minimum concentration is not effected

Question 22

placebo effect

Answer 22

•drug response caused by psychological factors and not the drug’s properties

Question 23

most important lab value to monitor for AEs in an older adult pt

Answer 23

•creatinine clearance b/c it indicates degree of renal excretion

Question 24

when/how to take Levothyroxine

Answer 24

•in the AM, so it doesn’t interfere w/ sleep
•on an empty stomach
*lifelong therapy

Question 25

early signs of methimazole toxicity

Answer 25

• sore throat and fever b/c it causes the absence of granulocytes
• other (less serious) AEs include headache, weakness, dizziness, nausea, etc

Question 26

diagnostic test required before iodine tx

Answer 26

•hCG in female pt b/c iodine contraindicated during pregnancy

Question 27

trough level

Answer 27

• lowest level that a medicine is present in the body

* should be measured just before the administration of the next dose in order to avoid overdosing