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Money, Medicine, and Morals > Unit 1 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 1 Exam Flashcards

0
Q

Define morals

A

Refers to the social customs and practices that determines good and bad, right and wrong

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1
Q

Define Ethics

A

Philosophical study of morality

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2
Q

Moral cognitivism

A

Moral truths exist and can be known

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3
Q

Moral realism

A

The view that ethical standards, morality, and positions of right or wrong are culturally based and therefore subject to a person’s individual choice. We can all decide what is right for ourselves

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4
Q

Subjectivism

A

Our moral evaluations and appraisals are based solely on our own feelings

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5
Q

Moral relativism

A

Basis morality not in the claims of the individual, but the community in which an individual lives. To say “X is wrong” means that “X violates certain community standards and practices

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6
Q

Moral non-cognitivism

A

There are no moral truths can be known

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7
Q

Cultural Differences Argument

A

It’s merely a matter of opinion that varies from culture to culture

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8
Q

Relativism strengths

A

Reflects what anthropologists find when they study other cultures, explains difference within subcultures within the US, explains the difference of opinion between individuals

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9
Q

Relativism weakness

A

Is not necessary to explain difference in cultural practices, can’t account for moral progress, morality appears to be based on rather arbitrary standards, there may be more similarity between people/cultures than we immediately recognize

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10
Q

Teleological

A

Contain virtue theory, divine command theory, and utilitarianism

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11
Q

Virtue Theory

A

Aristotle, emphasis on character traits

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12
Q

Natural Law Theory

A

Appeal to religious texts and beliefs, god provide the ultimate end/purpose Aquinas

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13
Q

Deontology

A

Emphasis on moral duties

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14
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Pleasure/pain

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15
Q

Golden Mean

A

Middle ground between excess and deficiency

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16
Q

Aquinas

A

Natural Law Theory

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17
Q

Aristotle

A

Virtue Theory

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18
Q

Bentham/Mill

A

Utilitarianism Theory

19
Q

Kant

A

Deontology

20
Q

Divine Command Theory

A

What is morally right or wrong is that which is commanded by God. We can not know good apart from those commands, Aquinas

21
Q

Categorical Imperative

A

Principle of universal legislation, an individual must ask if a general rule can be derived such that every person similarly situation would be compelled to do the act in question. An act that can become a universal law without contradiction

22
Q

Principle of Universal Legislation

A

Treat others as ends and not means only

23
Q

Utilitarian Calculation

A

Seeks to maximize greatest good for the greatest number

24
Q

Consequentialism

A

Emphasis is on the consequences of an action. Pleasure and pain.

25
Q

Griswold V Connecticut

A

Struck down Connecticut law barring contraceptives. Provided a right to privacy

26
Q

Church Amendment

A

Provided the first conscience clause in the US

27
Q

Neal Noesen

A

Pharmacist who refused to refill a birth control prescription and also refused to release the prescription to another pharmacy

28
Q

Plan B

A

Agents that affect any of the event that precede fertilization. Ex: levonorgestrel

29
Q

45 CFR Part 88

A

Required certification of all federally-funded facilities that they were complying with the church amendments. However, it went on to expand the right of the conscience clauses in the church amendments beyond abortion and sterilization to include any legally available service

30
Q

Incompatibility Thesis

A

Conscience-based refusals to provide legal and professionally permitted medical services are incompatible with the professional obligations of physicians

31
Q

Levonorgestrel

A

Type of Plan B contraceptives, that affects events that precede fertilization not post fertilization contraceptive

32
Q

RU 486

A

An oral drug that terminates early pregnancy by interfering with the action of progesterone, thereby preventing the attachment of a fertilized ovum to the uterine wall

33
Q

Thomas More

A

Martyr for his Catholic morals

34
Q

Conscience

A

The limb on which medical ethics sit

35
Q

Embryo

A

Early development stage. Up to 2 months in pregnancy

36
Q

Fetus

A

After the second month of gestation, were there is recognizable shape

37
Q

Midwife

A

Person trained to assist women in childbirth

38
Q

Sherri Finkbine

A

Woman who took a drug which deformed her fetus, requested an abortion, was denied an abortion, and then flew to Sweden to abort the child.

39
Q

Humanae Vitae

A

Declared use of birth control to be a son. In 1993, Pope John Paul 2 vigorously defended humanae Vitae and it’s ban on birth control

40
Q

Viability

A

Ability to live, able to survive without being dependent on the mother for nutrition

41
Q

Danforth Decision

A

The court invalidated state laws requiring a woman to get consent for an abortion from either a matrimonial or biological father. The court held that such consent amounted to giving these men a veto over a woman’s decision. Also said that a state cannot pass a law giving parents of teenage girls an absolute veto over a decision to have an abortion

42
Q

D&C

A

Día lagoon and curettage, for first-trimester abortions

43
Q

Judith Jarvis Thomson

A

Violinist Theory, used reasoning by analogy, people seeds

44
Q

Circular Argument

A

1) it’s wrong to kill an innocent human being
2) a fetus is an innocent human being
3) it’s wrong to kill a fetus

45
Q

Mary Anne Warren

A

5 personhood criteria and a fetus does not meet personhood until they fulfill the criteria

46
Q

Cognitive Criterion on Personhood

A

Personhood criteria that says that if you don’t meet this criteria than you are not a person:

1) presence of reasoning
2) capacity to communicate
3) presence of self-awareness
4) consciousness and capacity to feel pain
5) self-motivated activity

Money, Medicine, and Morals (2 decks)

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