Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

evolution > Unit 1 exam > Flashcards

Unit 1 exam Flashcards

1
Q

Darwin

A

Co-devleoped the theory of evolution by natural selection; galapagos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

wallace

A

co developed theory of evolution by natural selection; Malay Peninsula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lamark

A

proposed the first hypothesis of evolution which stated acquired characteristics would be passed onto offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Linnaeus

A

father of taxonomy, developed rules for classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Kimura

A

neutral theory of molecular evolution to explain that the vast majority of evolution at the genetic level occurs by random chance (mutations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fisher Haldane Wright

A

proposed the use of population genetics to study microevolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dobzhansky, Mayr, Huxley, Stebbins, Simpson

A

a collection of scientists who brought together multiple fields of biology under the umbrella of modern synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

synonymous mutation

A

(silent) a mutation that does not alter the amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

non-synonymous mutation

A

a mutation that alters the amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

allele

A

a variant of a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

heterozygosity

A

a measure of genetic variability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

genotype

A

the genetic composition of an organism that when expressed, produces an observable or fuctional trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

adaptation

A

a characteristic which enhances the survival or reproduction of an organism relative to alternative characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

natural selection

A

a consistent difference in fitness among different classes of biological entities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

fitness

A

measure of reproductive success in an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

phenotype

A

an observable or functional train in an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

single nucleotide polymorphism

A

a mutation at a single base pair which is unique to an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

relative fitness

A

(surviorship x expected # of offspring)/fitness reference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

recombination

A

mixing of different loci from different parental chromosomes during meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Linkage Disequilibrium

A

observation of alleles at separate loci being found together in a population more often than expected by random chance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

q2

A

homozygous recessive genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2pq

A

f of heterozygous genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

p2

A

f of homozygous dominant genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

p

A

frequency of dominant allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

q

A

frequency of recessive allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Evolution

A

inherited change in the properties of groups of organisms over the course of generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

early greek philosophy

A

unchanging and infinite earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Christianity and special creation

A

unchanging and old earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

ideals during the scientific revolution

A

changing and old earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

evolution of modern synthesis

A

darwin +genetics math theory of population genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

microevolution

A

mutation, gene flow, natural selection, genetic drift

32
Q

Macroevolution

A

Major changes above species level

33
Q

Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution

A

Kimura; most evolution of dna occurs by genetic drift

34
Q

anagenesis

A

change in lineage

35
Q

cladogenesis

A

branching of a lineage into 2+ descendant lineages

36
Q

extinction

A

death/loss of lineage

37
Q

phylogenetic tree

A

hypothesis of evolutionary relationships

38
Q

homology

A

same character from common ancestor

39
Q

character

A

trait examined

40
Q

character state

A

form of trait

41
Q

ingroup

A

taxa being studied

42
Q

outgroup

A

distantly related group

43
Q

parsimony

A

simplest path is most likely

44
Q

hybridization

A

branches combine lineages

45
Q

Orthologs

A

homologous genes present in multiple taxa (line them up)

46
Q

paralogs

A

genes that result in duplication, not homologous

47
Q

monophyletic

A

contain a single common anscestor

48
Q

polyphyletic

A

some but not all have a CA (reptilia and birds are polyphyletic, but sauropsids are monophyletic)

49
Q

polyphyletic

A

do not share decendants

50
Q

molecular clock

A

mutations occur at predictable rates;

t=distance in BP/ (2 x rate of change)

51
Q

plesiomorphic

A

shared ancestral character

52
Q

Apomorphic

A

unique to group, but not ancestral

53
Q

homoplacy

A

similar character in 2+ species, not due to common ancestors

54
Q

convergence

A

similar feature develops independently (wings on birds and bats)

55
Q

parallelism

A

similar feature independently closely related taxa (marsupial and placental mammals)

56
Q

reversal

A

apomorphic back to plesiomorphic

57
Q

dollos law

A

when a complex trait is lost, it will not be reevolved

58
Q

adaptive radiation

A

burst of diversion evolution in a lineage in a relatively short period of time which results from adapting to various environmental pressures
(ex: galapagos finches)

59
Q

adaptation

A

a character that enhances survival or reproduction

60
Q

average fitness equation

A

total # of offspring x rate of surviorship

61
Q

selfish genes

A

transmit at higher rates even if not advantageous

62
Q

altruistic behaviors

A

selfless behaviors of goodness of group survival (kinship)

63
Q

group selection

A

differential

64
Q

pre-adaptation

A

organism possesses a structure which gets used for a novel purpose

65
Q

exadaptation

A

structure becomes its new structure

66
Q

How do we determine adaptation

A

1.) Complexity
2.) Design
3.) Experiment
4.) Comparative Methods

67
Q

character displacement

A

selection will cause divergence within a population due to species interaction

68
Q

sympatry

A

species in one area

69
Q

genes

A

segments of DNA found on chromosomes that encode a structure/function

70
Q

equation for finding allele frequency

A

p= 2(# of A1,A1) + (# of A1, A2)/ 2n

71
Q

segregation

A

transmission of one of two copies of a locus when a gamete is made during meiosis

72
Q

what kind of relationship exists between recombination and linkage disequilibrium

A

inverse

73
Q

Pleiotrophy

A

single mutation affects multiple traits
positive
neutral/silent
negative/deleterious

74
Q

Non-genetic inheritance

A

epigenetics
maternal effects
cultural inheritance (learned behaviors)

75
Q

absolute fitness euqation

A

probability of survivorship x expected # of offspring = W

evolution (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions