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Evo final Flashcards

1
Q

fossil record

A

history of earth

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2
Q

6 pros of the fossil record does

A

discover species
ancestral states
mutation rates
patterns
biogeography
geological events

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3
Q

cons of fossil records

A

incomplete

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4
Q

why is the fossil record incomplete?

A

hard to be a fossil and found

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5
Q

radiometric dating

A

use of chemical signals to determine age of rock (half-life radioactive isotopes)

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6
Q

how old is universe

A

14 billion

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7
Q

When was precambrian

A

2500mya- 541 mya

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8
Q

4 time periods to know in order

A

Precambrian
Palezoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic

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9
Q

Palezoic Life

A

animals diversify in ocean

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10
Q

Mesozoic life

A

organisms moving onto land, vertebrates

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11
Q

What mass extinction ended the Pre-Cambrian Period

A

Cambrian Explosion

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12
Q

What were 3 notable Pre-Cambrian Events

A

First photosynthesis
Last universal common ancestor
Aerobic respiration

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13
Q

When was the palezoic era?

A

541 mya- 252 mya

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14
Q

Paleozoic life

A

Green algae, trilobites, arthorpods, bony fishes

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15
Q

Major Paleozoic events

A

Plants, winged insects, jawed fishes

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16
Q

How did Paleozoic end

A

Permian Mass extinction

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17
Q

Mesozoic time period

A

252mya-66mya

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18
Q

3 Mesozoic Periods

A

Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous

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19
Q

What happened in Jurrasic

A

Assembly of Pangaea

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20
Q

2 things that happened in Jurassic Period?

A

Dinosaurs
Pangaea splits

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21
Q

Thing that happened in cretaceous period?

A

Angiosperm dominance

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22
Q

Life in Mesozoic

A

Dinosaurs, mammals, flowering plants

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23
Q

What ended the Mesozoic

A

KPG extinction event

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24
Q

When cenozoic?

A

66mya-present

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25
Q

4 things in cenozoic

A

Bering Land Bridge
Movement of Continents
Ice Age
Evolution of Angiosperms

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26
Q

Life in Cenozoic

A

Angiosperms, mammoths, mammals (cooled down)

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27
Q

allopatric specation

A

separated by geographic barrier

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28
Q

vicariance

A

Barrier forms and separates

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29
Q

dispersal

A

population moves and becomes distinct (no gene flow)

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30
Q

sympatric speciation

A

population separates without barrier

31
Q

parapatry

A

separation without a barrier but with reduced gene flow

32
Q

Sexual dimorphism

A

sexes are different

33
Q

anisogomy

A

different gametes

34
Q

sexual selection

A

selection caused by competition for mate

35
Q

batemans principle

A

variability in reproductive success is greater in males than females (females need more energy for offspring)

36
Q

parental investment

A

unequal distribution among sexes of energy

37
Q

combat

A

no female choice component

38
Q

sperm competition

A

mates with multiple, sperm battle

39
Q

infanticide

A

kill offspring

40
Q

female choice

A

female selects phenotypes

41
Q

environmental sex determination

A

sex determined by temp

42
Q

red queen hypothesis

A

running to stay in place (TxW)

43
Q

Family suffix

44
Q

classification

A

codification of systematic studies

45
Q

taxonomy

A

study of classificaiton

46
Q

Order of thingies

A

Kung fu Panda Cant Outlast Food Generated Exercise

47
Q

Critera for name

A

Published
Declaration of Intent
Description
Deposition (loanable)

48
Q

Holotype

A

named by discoverer and chose a representative

49
Q

Lectotype

A

specimen from og author but designation by someone else with the specimen

50
Q

Neotype

A

if a holotype no longer exists, someone can pick a new one

51
Q

plesiomorphy

52
Q

apomorphy

53
Q

synapomorphy

A

shared derived characteristics

54
Q

parsimony

A

easiest is best

55
Q

parsimony pro

A

accurate with small samples, good for constant mutaiton rate and no homoplacy

56
Q

parsimony con

A

gene trees differ, homoplacy and variable mutation rates interfere

57
Q

ortholog

A

(want to use) loci decended from same locus

58
Q

paralog

A

(dont want) loci decended from duplication event

59
Q

Maximum likelihood

A

statistical model that calculates the probability of data is given the assumptions of the model

60
Q

Equation of Max Likelihood

A

a1/copies of gene and pick smallest one

61
Q

Boostrap support

A

statistical method to measure support of a node from 1-100

62
Q

Balesian Inference

A

Probability that the allele frequency in the population is equal to any given value

63
Q

Balesian Inference depends on

A

prior data

64
Q

Balesian Inference Pro

A

robust
statistical support
complex data

65
Q

balesian Inference con

A

can b very slow
posterior probably values tend to be higher
prior information can be a bad thing

66
Q

edemicitity

A

taxa that originated and diversified in a given area

67
Q

Biogeographical realms

A

ARW says 6

68
Q

competitive displacement

A

species weeds out another

69
Q

biotic displacement

A

species dies off an another fills in

70
Q

puctuated equilibrium

A

periodis of stasis

71
Q

phyletic gradualsim

A

branchy graph

72
Q

symplesiomorphy

A

ancestra character state present in 2+ taxa

73
Q

autamorphy

A

derived character state which is unique to single taxon

evolution (5 decks)

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