Unit 1 - Era Of The Great War Flashcards
1
Q
Reasons for Recruitment
A
- Censorship
- Wage and free accommodation + food
- Propaganda
- Sympathy for Belgium
- Pals Battalions, 13 players from Hearts of Midlothian
- White Feathers
- Peer Pressure
- Anti-German Propaganda (Daschunds)
- Expected a short period of service
2
Q
Conditions in the Trenches
A
- Wet & Muddy
- Disease, trench foot, typhus, cholera etc.
- Rats & lice & flies
- Fear of death/trauma/PTSD
- Military justice
- Boredom of daily routine
- Not nutritious food
3
Q
New Technology in WW1
A
- Tank, provides cover and goes over barbed wire but over heats and breaks down easily
- Aircraft, used as good reconnaissance but can easily be shot down
- Rifles (Lee Enfield Rifles) has bayonet for close combat fighting but is very slow to fire and reload
- Artillery, good long range oppressive shell fire but can over heat easily and is very hard to aim
- Gas, can cover a large area very easily but is entirely dependent on weather
- Flame Throwers, covered a large area of ground in front and in trenches but were very noticeable to enemy fire and fuel ran out quickly
4
Q
Battle of Somme
A
- 7 day artillery bombardment at start by British
- Germans hid in underground bunkers to survive bombardment
- Tanks first used in battle of somme by British
- 57,000 deaths on first day of the Somme
5
Q
Battle of Loos
A
- At first General Douglas Haig was not sure as the British were being used as a distraction for the french and the battle field was not good positioning for British
- Haig convinced by the promise of Kitcheners new recruits and new weapon
- Chlorine gas first used in Loos but backfired due to wind
- One third of all deaths were Scottish (7,000)
6
Q
DORA (and why it was introduced)
A
- No feeding bread to animals (food shortages and bread seen as human food)
- Government could censor any newspapers
- Government could take possession of any land for munition factories to meet war demand for supplies
- British summer time introduced to increase working hours
- Pub hours shortened to reduce drunkness and therefore hangovers at work the next morning
- No talking about military matters in public to avoid intel leaks to spies
- No buying or use of binoculars to avoid spies
7
Q
Rationing
A
- German U-boat campaign
- Demand on western front
- Failure of propaganda
- Inability to grow own food in cities
- No/less farmers due to men going away to fight
- Fairer pricing
8
Q
Scottish Propaganda
A
- Music such as ‘Send me away with a smile’
- Anti-German propaganda : Daschunds
- Censorship of death figures
- Promised a short time of service : expected
- Posters : Lord Kitchener’s poster campaign
9
Q
Changing role of women
A
- Stepping up into jobs left vacant at home
- Nursers working on western front (23,000)
- Food Shortages : Women’s land army
- Greater social freedom
- Right to vote
- Huge demand for munition
10
Q
Treatment of conscientious objectors
A
- Military tribunals
- Labour camps
- Embarrassment of white feather campaign
- Verbal abuse
- Physical abuse : being beaten up on streets by public
- Media making fun of them via articles and comics
11
Q
Why conscientious objectors object
A
- Religion : Christianity being a main religion in Britain
- Pacifists : object to violence and war
- Believed Germany and Britain were working class brothers and should not be fighting or killing
- Believed war would stop if enough objected
- Had families to look after
- Past war experiences/PTSD/Trauma
12
Q
Reserved occupations
A
- Policemen, to keep order in country
- Farmers, need to provide food to a country that can no longer import food due to German U-Boats
- Coast Guards, considered to be last line of defence and monitor sea
- Clergy men, use the religion to keep country and public calm
- Coal miners, keep country provided with energy sources for public and war effort
- Doctors, it is hard to temporarily train doctors as it is a hard profession
13
Q
Decline of Heavy Industry
A
- Foreign competition
- Lack of investment
- Reliance on war orders
- Failure to diversify
- World trade was poor
- Industrial action and strikes
14
Q
Impact on fishing and agriculture
A
- Agriculture during war increased as government need wool for uniforms
- Agriculture during war boomed as they could not import food so relied
- Agriculture declined after as imports were back and no wool needed
- Fishing declined during as they could not fish out at sea anymore
- Fishing increased after as the sea was back open and people needed food after rationing
- Agriculture struggled before war as public wanted cheap food so imported more as it was less expensive then local agriculture
15
Q
Suffragettes
A
Violent
- Chain themselves to fences in protest
- Vandalism
- Blowing up post boxes
- Harassing and attacking MP’s
- Arson, set fire to Kelso race horse
- Smashing windows with a small hammer known as a ‘toffee hammer’
