Unit #1 DNA, RNA, Biology Flashcards
What are the building blocks (monomers) of DNA?
Nucleotides
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
Phosphate
Nitrogenous base
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine
What are purines? How many rings do they have?
Adenine, and Guanine.
Purines have 2 rings
What are pyrimidines? How many rings do they have?
Thymine, and Cytosine.
Pyrimidines have 1 ring
Name the complementary strands of a DNA molecule.
Adenine and Thymine
Guanine and Cytosine
What enzyme “unzips” the 2 strands of DNA in DNA replication?
DNA helicase
What enzyme is responsible for transcription?
RNA polymerase
The double helix structure of DNA was discovered by 4 scientists - what are their names and what was the year?
1953, Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins
What did Erwin Chargaff discover?
The amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equeal to the amount of thymine.
What is the “backbone” of DNA made up of?
Alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups
What holds the DNA molecule together?
Hydrogen bonds
How does mRNA move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell?
Nuclear pores
What is the universal start codon and what amino acid does it code for?
AUG (Methionine)
What does DNA stand for?
Deoynribonucleic
