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Grade 11 Biology > Unit 1: Diversity of Living Things > Flashcards

Unit 1: Diversity of Living Things Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biodiversity

A

The number and variety of species and ecosystems on earth

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2
Q

Species

A

all organisms capable of breeding Freely with each other under Natural Conditions

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3
Q

Hybridization

A

the cross breeding of 2 Different Species

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4
Q

Morphology

A

the Physical Appearance and Characteristics of an Organism

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5
Q

Evolutionary Change

A

a change that occurs in an entire population, this usually occurs over Time, Space and Generations

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6
Q

Genetic Diversity

A

The genetic variability among organism

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7
Q

Heterotroph

A

an organism that obtains energy rich nutrients by consuming living or dead Organism

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8
Q

Auto

A

a organism that uses Sources of energy to Produce nutrients from Water, Gases, and or Minerals

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9
Q

Species Diversity

A

A measure of Diversity that looks at the Quantity of Each Species Present, as well as the variety of Different species Present

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10
Q

Structural Diversity

A

The Range of Physical Shapes and Sizes within Habitat or Ecosystems

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11
Q

Food Supply

A

Relationships between species and their Food

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12
Q

Protection

A

Species that depend on others for Shelter and Protection

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13
Q

Transportation

A

Species that move from place to place wit the help of Another

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14
Q

Reproduction

A

Species that depend o other species for their own successful reproduction

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15
Q

Hygiene

A

species help maintain the health of another species

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16
Q

Digestion

A

Species livig within digestive tracts which are essential for the digestion of food

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17
Q

what are the Affects of Biodiversity being at Risk

A
  • threatens or food supply
  • eliminates sources of natural medicine and potential new medicides
  • has significant economic impact on tourism ad forestry where habitat destruction takes place
  • disrupts BiogeoChemical Cycles
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18
Q

What causes Habitat Loss

A
  • Agriculture
  • Forestry
  • Urban Expansion
  • Invasive Species
  • over harvesting
  • Serious air and water pollution
  • Green house gases
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19
Q

Biological Classification

A

a method of organizing organisms into biological Categories based on Physical and Evolution Relationships

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20
Q

taxonomy

A

the Science of Classifying all organisms

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21
Q

Genus

A

a taxonomic level consisting of a group of Similar

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22
Q

Binomial Nomenclature

A

the naming system where the species name is assigned a 2 part unique name

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23
Q

Taxon

A

a category used to Classify organisms

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24
Q

Kingdom

A

the highest taxonomic level

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25
Q

Dichotomous Key

A

a series of 2 part branching statement that identifies organisms

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26
Q

Evolution

A

the scientific theory that describe changes in species over time and their shared ancestory

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27
Q

Phylogeny

A

the Study of the Evolutionary relatedness between and among species

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28
Q

Phylogenetic Tree

A

a diagram depicting the evolutionary relatedness between differet species or groups

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29
Q

Clade

A

a taxonomic group that includes a single common ancestor and all its descendants

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30
Q

Prokaryote

A

a single celled organism that does not contain Membrane bound organelles

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31
Q

Eukaryote

A

any organism whose cells contain organelles, they can be either single or multicellular

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32
Q

Domain

A

the highest taxonomic level

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33
Q

How many Domains of life

A

there are 3

  • eubacteria
  • Archaea
  • Eukaryotes
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34
Q

pathogen

A

a disease causing agent, often a virus or micro organism

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35
Q

mutualism

A

a relationship where 2 species live in close proximity, where each benefits

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36
Q

antibiotic

A

a substance that can kill or weaken micro organisms

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37
Q

Plasmid

A

a small loop of DNA often found in Prokaryotic Cells (this usually contains a small number of genes

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38
Q

capsule

A

an outer layer some bacteria which provides some protection

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39
Q

coccus

A

a round bacterial cell

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40
Q

bacillius

A

rod shaped bacterial cell

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41
Q

spirillum

A

a spiral or corkscrew shaped bacterial cell

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42
Q

Inorganic Chemical

A

a chemical that has an abiotic origin ( non living )

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43
Q

Organic Chemical

A

a chemical that contains carbon and is produced by Living things

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44
Q

Obligate Aerobe

A

an organism that cannot survive with out Oxygen

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45
Q

Facultative Aerobe

A

an organism that can live with or with out oxygen

46
Q

Obligate Anaerobe

A

an organism that cannot survive with in the presence of oxygen

47
Q

Fermentation

A

an anaerobic process that releases chemical energy from food

48
Q

Binary Fission

A

the Division of one parent cell into 2 Genetically identical daughter cells, which is a form of a Sexual Reproduction

49
Q

Conjugation

A

a form of sexual reproduction in which 2 cells join to exchange genetic information

50
Q

transformation

A

a process in which a bacterial cell takes in and uses pieces of DNA from its environment

51
Q

horizontal gene transfer

A

any process where one species gets DNA from a different species (lateral gene Transfer)

52
Q

endospore

A

a dormant state that forms inside certain bacteria in response to stress, this protects the cells chromosomes from damage

53
Q

Virus

A

a small infectious particle containing genetic material in the form of DNA of RNA

54
Q

capsid

A

a protein coat that surrounds the DNA or RNA of a virus

55
Q

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

A

a nucleic acid found in all cells and some viruses, which usually carries genetic information that provides instructions for synthesising protein

56
Q

Epidemic

A

a large scale outbreak of disease, usually confined to a limited Geographic Region

57
Q

Pandemic

A

an epidemic that occurs over a widespread area, which is often global

58
Q

Bacteriophage

A

a virus that infects bacteria

59
Q

lysis

A

The rupturing of a cell, when newly viruses are released from a host cell

60
Q

lysogeny

A

a state of dormancy in which viral DNA may remain within a host cell’s chromosome for many cell cycle generations

61
Q

Transduction

A

a type of gene transfer in which a virus transfers DNA from one Bacterium to another

62
Q

Gene Therapy

A

a method of treating disease in which genes are introduced into cells to replace, supplement or repair a defective gene

63
Q

Viroid

A

a very small infectious piece of RNA responsible for some serious disease in Plants

64
Q

Prion

A

an abnormally shaped infectious protein responsible for some brain diseases of mammals

65
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

a relationship where a single celled organism lives within the cell(s) of another organism

66
Q

Haploid

A

a cell containing half the usual complement of chromosomes (n)

67
Q

zygote

A

a cell formed by he fusion of two sex cells (2n)

68
Q

diploid

A

a cell containing 2 copies of each chromosome (2n)

69
Q

sporophyte

A

a diploid organism that produces haploid spores in an alternation of generations life cycles

70
Q

Spore

A

a haploid reproductive structure, which is a single celled organism, this is capable of growing into a new individual

71
Q

Gametophyte

A

a haploid organism that produces haploid sex cells in an alternation of generations life cycles

72
Q

Alternation of Generation

A

a life cycle in which Diploid individuals produce spores that created haploid individuals

73
Q

Mycelium

A

a branched mass of hyphae

74
Q

Hypha

A

a thin filament that makes up the body of a fungus

75
Q

Chitin

A

a complex chemical found in the cell walls of fungi and in the external coverings of insects and crustaceans such as lobsters and crabs

76
Q

dikaryotic

A

containing 2 separate nuclei

77
Q

meiosis

A

a form of cell division where a single cell gives rise to 4 haploid daughter cells

78
Q

mycorrhiza

A

a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a plant root

79
Q

Charophytes

A

the common name for organisms in the order Charophyceae

80
Q

cuticle

A

a waterproof wax coating produced by the epidermis of most plants

81
Q

stoma

A

a small opening in the epidermis of a plant that allows gas exchange

82
Q

bryophyte

A

a small seedless plant that lacks vascular Tissue

83
Q

antheridium

A

the specialized structure on a gametophyte that produces sperm

84
Q

archegonium

A

the specialized structure on a gametophyte that produces sperm

85
Q

sporangium

A

the structure in which spores are produced

86
Q

gemma

A

a small clump of haploid photosynthetic cells produced in little cup shaped structures on the gametophytes plants, which is dispersed by splashes of rain to grow another gametophyte plant

87
Q

lignin

A

an import structural compound found I the vascular tissues, this makes wood strong

88
Q

lycophyte

A

a seedless vascular plant

89
Q

example of a Lycophyte

A

club Moss

90
Q

pterophyte

A

a seedless vascular plant

91
Q

example of Pterophyte

A

ferns

92
Q

Rhizome

A

a horizontal underground stem

93
Q

rhizome

A

a horizontal underground stem

94
Q

Pollen

A

small structures called “grain” that contain a microscopic haploid male gametophyte

95
Q

ovule

A

a small structure that contains a microscopic haploid female gametophyte

96
Q

seed

A

a plant structure containing an embryo and a food supply, surrounded by a protective outer covering aka the seed coating

97
Q

Gymnosperm

A

a vascular plant that produces seeds in special structures called cones

98
Q

Cones

A

in plants the reproductive structure of a conifer, which produces pollen or ovules

99
Q

Angiosperm

A

a plant that produces flowers

100
Q

Flowers

A

the specialized reproductive structure of an Angiosperm , flowers produce pollen and or ovules

101
Q

fruit

A

the mature ovary(ies) of flowers plants that contain seeds, fruits help to disperse and protect seeds

102
Q

cotyledon

A

a structure in the seeds of flowering plants that stores nutrients

103
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

symmetry around a Central Axis

104
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

symmetry around a midline

105
Q

Protostome

A

an animal with bilateral symmetry, during embryotic development

Mouth before Ass/Anus

106
Q

Deuterostome

A

an animals with bilateral symmetry, during embryonic development

Ass/Anus Before Mouth

107
Q

Vertebrate

A

an animals with a backbone or notochord

108
Q

Notochord

A

a flexible rod found in some chordates

109
Q

invertebrate

A

an animal that does not have a backbone

110
Q

Germ layer

A

one of three layers that form during early embryonic development in most animals

111
Q

coelom

A

a body cavity present in some animals, contains the animals internal organs

112
Q

amniotic egg

A

an egg with an outer leathery or hard shell and specialized internal membranes that protect and nourish the embryo

Grade 11 Biology (2 decks)

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