UNIT 1 CONTROL OF MICROBIAL GROWTH

Question 1

Factors affecting Microbial Growth

Answer 1

● Type of Organism
● Microbial Load
● Concentration of Agent to be used
● Presence of Organic Material
● Nature of surface to be disinfected
● Contact time
● Temperature
● pH
● Compatibility of disinfectants

Question 2

ability of the microorganisms to withstand the different disinfecting or sterilizing agent depends on the chemical composition and protective mechanisms inherent to such microorganisms

Answer 2

Type of organism

Question 3

number of microorganisms present in the specimen/object

Answer 3

Microbial load

Question 4

T or F. If microbial load is low, longer exposure time to the physical or chemical agent

Answer 4

F. HIGH microbial load, longer exposure agent

Question 5

T or F. More concentrated disinfectants are effective in microbial inhibition or killing

Answer 5

T

Question 6

Presence of mucus, blood, and pus can ________ the disinfecting agent by preventing full contact.

Answer 6

inactivate

Question 7

Who devised a logical approach for disinfection/sterilization of inanimate or surfaces based on the degree of risk involved in their use.

Answer 7

Earle Spaulding

Question 8

According to Spaulding classification, equipment/items are regarded as:

Answer 8

critical, semi-critical, non-critical

Question 9

length of time a chemical agent needs to stay on a targeted surface

Answer 9

Contact time

Question 10

T or F. Most disinfectants are effective at room temperature under an acidic condition.

Answer 10

T

Question 11

T or F. Disinfection can be enhanced by an increase in temperature up to how many degrees.

Answer 11

F. increase in temperature ONLY UP to a CERTAIN degrees

Question 12

Spaulding classification. Devices that enter sterile body parts including VASCULAR system.

Answer 12

Critical

Question 13

Spaulding classification. Those that come in contact with non-intact skin or mucous membrane but DOES NOT penetrate them.

Answer 13

Semi-critical

Question 14

Spaulding classification. Touch only the intact skin but not the mucous membrane

Answer 14

Non-critical

Question 15

Physical methods of sterilization include the use of _____, _______, and ________.

Answer 15

Heat, Radiation, and Filtration

Question 16

Two types of heat used in sterilization of biological wastes

Answer 16

Moist heat
Dry heat

Question 17

refers to the absence of microbes in an area or object

Answer 17

Asepsis

Question 18

refers to methods employed to prevent entry of organisms into the body as well into test tubes, flasks or plates used in microbial cultivation

Answer 18

Aseptic technique

Question 19

involves chemical disinfection of living tissues (i.e. mucus membrane, skin) as well as in the treatment of wounds.

Answer 19

Antisepsis

Question 20

a condition in which microbial growth and multiplication is halted or inhibited.

Answer 20

Bacteriostasis

Question 21

The microorganism is not killed or destroyed in the process.

Answer 21

Bacteriostasis

Question 22

Bacteriostatic methods include the use of __________ as well as _____

Answer 22

refrigeration ; dyes

Question 23

are chemical sterilants used to destroy all forms of life.

Answer 23

Biocide

Question 24

It is also known as chemical sterilants

Answer 24

Biocide

Question 25

microorganisms inadvertently introduced to specimens or bacterial culture

Answer 25

Contaminant

Question 26

the process of removal of pathogenic microorganisms so materials/items are safe to handle or dispose

Answer 26

Decontamination

Question 27

removal of transient microorganisms from the skin using mechanical cleansing or antiseptics

Answer 27

Degerming

Question 28

process of destruction of pathogenic microorganisms except spores, prions and other microorganisms

Answer 28

Disinfection

Question 29

reduction of pathogens on eating utensils to safe public health levels by mechanical cleansing or use of chemicals

Answer 29

Sanitation

Question 30

destruction of all forms of life including bacterial spores

Answer 30

Sterilization

Question 31

lowest temperature in which all bacteria in a liquid culture will be killed in 10 minutes

Answer 31

Thermal Death Point

Question 32

minimal length of time in which all bacteria in a liquid suspension will be killed at a given temperature

Answer 32

Thermal Death Time

Question 33

most commonly used method. cheap, economical, and reliable

Answer 33

Heat

Question 34

Principle: OXIDATION Longer exposure time and higher temperatures

Answer 34

Dry heat

Question 35

HOT AIR OVEN: TEMP REQUIREMENTS: 160-180 C for 1.5-3 hours

Answer 35

Sterilize Glasswares

Question 36

HOT AIR OVEN: Sterilize Glasswares TEMP REQUIREMENTS:

Answer 36

160-180 C for 1.5-3 hours

Question 37

For the sterilization of inoculating loops, needles, mouth of tubes

Answer 37

Open flame

Question 38

BUNSEN BURNER:

Answer 38

Flame sterilization

Question 39

T or F. Now, incinerator is used for disposal of infectious hospital wastes.

Answer 39

F. Now Outlawed: RA 8749 Clean Air Act of 1999

Question 40

PRINCIPLE: COAGULATION OF PROTEINS More effective than dry heat

Answer 40

Moist heat

Question 41

Moist heat AUTOCLAVE:

Answer 41

121 C, 15psi (1 atm) for 15 minutes

Question 42

Moist heat AUTOCLAVE: 121C, 15psi (1 atm) for 15 minutes ALL MICROORGANISMS are killed (EXCEPT ________)

Answer 42

Prions

Question 43

form of disinfection; DOESN’T KILL SPORES 100C for 10-15 minutes

Answer 43

Boiling

Question 44

Boiling ___ C for _____

Answer 44

100 C for 10-15 minutes

Question 45

eliminates food borne pathogens responsible for food spoilage

Answer 45

Pasteurization

Question 46

Pasteurization method. 63C for 30 minutes

Answer 46

Batch Method

Question 47

Pasteurization method. 72C for 15 seconds

Answer 47

Flash Method

Question 48

Pasteurization method. 72 C-140 C then 72 C for <5 sec

Answer 48

High Temp Short Time

Question 49

Reduces food spoilage without affecting taste is an advantage for

Answer 49

Pasteurization

Question 50

○ Flowing Steam ○ Fractional ○ Intermittent

Answer 50

Tyndallization

Question 51

Tyndallization _____ C for ______ for ___ days

Answer 51

100 C for 30 mins for 3 days

Question 52

Arnold’s Sterilizer is an example of

Answer 52

Tyndallization

Question 53

○ for sterilization of high protein media ○ 75-80C for 2hrs on 3 consecutive days

Answer 53

Inspissation

Question 54

Inspissation ____ C for _____ on _____

Answer 54

75-80 C for 2 hrs on 3 consecutive days

Question 55

Separation of bacteria from liquids or air

Answer 55

Filtration

Question 56

Filtration of Liquids. Diatomaceous earth

Answer 56

Berkefeld

Question 57

Filtration of Liquids. sintered glass

Answer 57

Morton

Question 58

Filtration of Liquids. asbestos pad

Answer 58

Seitz

Question 59

Filtration of Liquids. unglazed porcelain

Answer 59

Chamberland-Pasteur

Question 60

Filtration of liquids. Cellulose esters

Answer 60

Membrane Filters

Question 61

sterilization of heat sensitive solutions:

Answer 61

liquid filtration

Question 62

critical sterilization: ___ um

Answer 62

0.22 um