Unit 1: Contemporary Issues in H&SC Flashcards
What are the Exam Command Words likely to appear?
- Define
- Identify
- Describe
- Explain
- Outline
- Analyze
- Suggest
- Interpret
- Assess
- Discuss
- Justify
- Evaluate
- Examine
What are LO1 objectives ?
- Describe characteristics that result in inequality
- Define ways in which individuals experience inequality
What are LO2 objectives?
- Describe Demographic data
- Explain reasons for changes in demographic data
- Discuss the uses of demographic data
What are LO3 objectives?
- Describe current issues
- Interpret statistical evidence of health
What does it mean to describe?
identify distinctive features and give descriptive, factual details
What does Analyze mean?
- to describe something in details with its benefits and drawbacks
- make at least 3 points
what does it mean to interpret?
Bring out the meaning and explain
What does Assess entail in exams?
- giving a range of possible explanations and outcomes with justification
- include advantages and disadvantages
what is discuss in exams?
- is written debate that includes main points with supporting examples
- reach a conclusion after talking about both sides (+/-)
What does it mean to Justify?
- to give and explain why one things is greater than the other options
What does to Evaluate mean?
- make a judgement about the overall quality of the feature/issues after discussing its strengthens and limitations in detail with examples and statistics
Define Equity and what is it
Fairness and evenness, is an economic objectives
What is Equity regarded as and why?
regarded as too normative concept, difficult to define and measure
What are the characteristics that results in inequality
- Social class
- Age
- Sex and Gender
- Ethnicity
- disability
- sexual orientation
IN what 2 main ways does inequality arises?
- Inequality of opportunity
- inequality of outcome
What is inequality of opportunity
where individuals living in the same society do not have access to the same opportunities.
the difference in individuals wealth, status and power results in definite advantages and disadvantages in the pursuit of personal success.
Examples of inequality of opportunity
- High Quality Education: prestige universities, private schools
- Travel
- Wealth: high paying career jobs
- Healthcare: longer life expectancy
Consequence of Inequality of Opportunity
Provide Example
- being denied access to institutions and employment, limits an individual power to extract benefits from living in an economic market
- children from poorer homes are denied access to the same high quality of education received by children’s of affluence, limiting their ability to receive high levels of income
Define Inequality
the quality of being unequal, it is the difference in social status, wealth and opportunity
Define Inequality of outcome
- Where unfair and less favorable outcomes result
Example of Inequality of outcome
- the poorest pay an unfair share of tax and climbing marginal tax rate
- the rich can afford not to pay income tax and can include hoop holes via their connection
- Poorer educational attainment
- Poorer life expectancy
What inequality results in another?
- inequality of opportunity results in inequality of outcome
What is social class (traditionally) & what is it now?
- traditionally defined by occupation, wealth and education
- the grouping of people in stratified hierarchy based on social, cultural and economic status
What do income refer to?
- to the earnings from work or investment
what is Wealth?
= all the assets an individual own
- cash, savings, checking accounts, stocks, bonds and real estate
why is wealth distributed more unevenly than income
- because wealth is typically passed down from generation to generation
What is Education/ give examples?
- Education is one of the strongest predictors of occupation, income and wealth later in life.
- Better paying white collar jobs requires a university degree, while blue collar jobs require less schooling and bring less income and prestige
What is the New Class Stratification?
- Precariat or proletariats
- Elite
- Established M.C
- Technical M.C
- New affluent workers
- Traditional W.C
- Emergent service workers
