Unit 1: Concept 3 Notes - Macromolecules

Question 1

Define

Macromolecules

Answer 1

Large organic molecules (carbon-containing) that make up ALL living things

– Ex. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Question 2

Question:

What are most macromolecules made of?

Answer 2

Polymers made out of monomers

Question 3

Define:

Monomers

Answer 3

Small, basic sub-units

– Ex. A brick

Question 4

Define:

Polymers

Answer 4

Larger and more complex structures made out of monomers

– Ex. A brick wall

Question 5

Question:

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Short term energy-storage

Question 6

Question:

What are some carbohydrate uses?

Answer 6

Structure, signalling and transport

Sell Soft Turds

– Ex. Letting cells know what to do

Question 7

Question:

What are carbohydrates found in?

Answer 7

Sugars and starches

– Ex. Bread, potatoes, banannas, pastas and rice

Question 8

Question:

What is a carbohydrate monomer?

Answer 8

Monosaccharides or single sugar molecules

– Ex. Glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 9

Question:

What is a carbohydrate polymer?

Answer 9

Polysaccharides or larger sugar molecules

– Ex. Starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 10

Question:

How many calories are in carbohydrates?

Answer 10

4 Calories/Gram

– Carbohydrates are typically the first thing your body will break down

Question 11

Question:

What is the main function of lipids?

Answer 11

Long-term energy storage

Question 12

Question:

What are some lipid uses?

Answer 12

Insulation, protection and structure

Question 13

Question:

What are lipids found in?

Answer 13

Fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids

– Ex. Peanut butter, nuts, and avacados

Question 14

Question:

What is a lipid monomer?

Answer 14

Fatty acids

Question 15

Question:

What is a lipid polymer?

Answer 15

Triglycerides

Question 16

Question:

How many calories are in lipids?

Answer 16

9 calories/gram

– Lipids are typically the second to be broken down for energy

Question 17

Question:

What is the structure of a phospolipid?

Answer 17

2 layers make up the plasma membrane of our cells

– Makes membrane selectively permable

Question 18

Question:

What is the main function of proteins?

Answer 18

Enzymes, hormones, structure, transport, antibodies, movement, receptors, and energy source

– Hamsteer

Question 19

Question:

What are proteins found in?

Answer 19

Meats, nuts, and dairy products, but many are made by your body

Question 20

Question:

What is a protein monomer?

Answer 20

Amino acids

Question 21

Question:

What is a protein polymer?

Answer 21

Polypeptide

– Amino acids linked together by a peptide bond

Question 22

Question:

How many calories are in proteins?

Answer 22

4 calories/gram

– Usually the last resort for energy if needed

Question 23

Question:

What is the main function of a nucleic acid?

Answer 23

Informational molecules that store, transmit, and express genetic information; instructions for making proteins

Question 24

Question:

What are nucleic acids found in?

Answer 24

DNA and RNA

– You get them from your parents

Question 25

Question:

What is a nucleic acid monomer?

Answer 25

Nucleotides - Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil

– Made up of 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen containing base

Question 26

Question:

What is a nucleic acid polymer?

Answer 26

DNA and RNA

Question 27

Question:

How many calories are in nucleic acids?

Answer 27

0 calories/gram

– NEVER broken down as a source of energy

Question 28

Define:

Pure substance:

Answer 28

Matter having a constant chemical composition and distinct properties

Question 29

Define:

Element

Answer 29

Fundamental substance

– CANNOT be seperated into simpler substances by chemical methods

Question 30

Define:

Compound

Answer 30

Substance composed of two or more elements in fixed proportions

– Can be seperated into simpler substances and elements

Question 31

Define:

Homogeneous

Answer 31

Mixture having uniform composition and properties throughout

Question 32

Define:

Heterogeneous

Answer 32

Mixture not uniform in composition and properties throughout

Question 33

Question:

From smallest to largest, what is the orginization of life?

Answer 33

Atom, molecule, cell organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere