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Intro to IT (CS1001) > Unit 1 - Computer Basics > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Computer Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Application Software

A

Provides user with the ability to accomplish a goal or purpose.

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2
Q

Binary Number System

A

Base-two numbering system used by computers to work with data; includes the digits 0 and 1.

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3
Q

Bit

A

A contraction of ‘binary digit;’ a digit containing either a 0 or 1.

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4
Q

Byte

A

A unit of digital data, containing a string of eight binary units (0s or 1s).

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5
Q

CD/DVD-ROM Drive

A

Drive bay used to insert CDs and DVDs.

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6
Q

CPU

A

Central Processing Unit
The ‘brains’ of the device; it performs computations and logic operations sent to it by application software, and returns results to be acted upon.

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7
Q

Client-Server

A

Computer system in which a centralized server provides data to connected computers over a network.

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8
Q

Cloud Computing

A

Storing and processing data over the Internet rather than on personal computer hardware.

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9
Q

Computer

A

An electronic device that use a combination of hardware and software to manipulate data.

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10
Q

Computer Network

A

A group of computers connected for the purpose of communication-sharing of data and resources.

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11
Q

Computer Programming

A

Process used by computer programmers to develop software that solves problems.

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12
Q

Data

A

Information, or a collection of facts.

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13
Q

Decimal Number System

A

Base-ten numbering in which each column in the number represents a power of ten; includes the digits 0-9.

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14
Q

Digital Camera

A

Input device that captures a picture and converts it to digital information.

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15
Q

Flash Drive

A

Form of data storage that attaches to the USB connector on PCs.

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16
Q

GPU

A

Graphics Processing Unit
Generates images on the monitor; also referred to as the video card.

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17
Q

Hard Disk

A

The location for long-term data storage when the computer is turned off, and where data is retrieved when the computer is turned on.

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18
Q

Hard Disk Controller

A

A hard disk component that enables the CPU to access, modify, read, and write data to and from the hard disk, CD-ROM, and any other drive.

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19
Q

Hardware

A

The part of the information system that you can touch; the physical components of the technology.

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20
Q

Hertz

A

A unit of frequency used to describe the speed of computing devices; abbreviated Hz.

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21
Q

Hexadecimal Number System

A

A numbering system based on sixteen digits; includes the digits 0-9 and A-F.

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22
Q

Information System

A

A combination of technology, people, and processes that collect, create, distribute, and exploit useful information.

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23
Q

Input

A

Mode by which data enters the computer.

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24
Q

Input Device

A

Any hardware component that sends data into the computer.

25
Q

Keyboard

A

Device that provides text and or numeric input into a computer system.

26
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network
Computer network that links computers within a building.

27
Q

Monitor

A

Output device used to display video, images, and text.

28
Q

Motherboard

A

The main circuit board on the computer, to which the CPU, memory, and storage connect.

29
Q

Mouse

A

Device that can be moved across a flat surface to move an on-screen pointer.

30
Q

Network Interface Card

A

Expansion card that provides a computer with the ability to connect to a network.

31
Q

Numbering System

A

Method of representing numbers of a certain type.

32
Q

Octal Number System

A

Numbering system based on eight digits; includes the digits 0-7.

33
Q

Operating System

A

Software that performs the task required to keep the system running and provides the main interface for the user.

34
Q

Optical Disc

A

A form of removable storage media that stores data on the surface of the disc.

35
Q

Output

A

Mode by which data is delivered.

36
Q

Output Device

A

Any hardware component that sends data out from the computer.

37
Q

Peripheral

A

A hardware component that is not natively a part of the system.

38
Q

Pointing Device

A

Device that moves an on-screen pointer and provides buttons for input.

39
Q

Portability

A

How easily a computer can be transported.

40
Q

Ports

A

Area into which device cables can be connected to the system unit.

41
Q

Printer

A

Output device that generates a hard copy of work created on a computer.

42
Q

Processing Speed

A

Amount of clock cycles a processor can perform in a second, measured in hertz.

43
Q

Productivity Software

A

Subcategory of application software that provides office employees the ability to complete their work.

44
Q

Programming Software

A

Software whose purpose is to make more software.

45
Q

RAM

A

Random-Access Memory
The working memory of a computer that transfers data from the hard disk upon starting the device.

46
Q

ROM

A

Read-Only Memory
A form of memory in which the data stored can only be read; it cannot be changed.

47
Q

Scanner

A

Input device that allows users to input documents as images or text.

48
Q

Screen Size

A

The length of the monitor, typically the diagonal measured in inches.

49
Q

Smartphone

A

A mobile phone that incorporates the same functionality as a computer.

50
Q

Software

A

The set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do.

51
Q

SSD

A

Solid-State Drive
Form of data storage that uses flash memory; all data is stored on a microchip.

52
Q

Sound Card

A

Expansion card that produces sound through the speakers or headphone.

53
Q

Status Lights

A

Provide user with feedback as to the current operation with the system.

54
Q

Tablet Computer

A

A computer that uses a touch screen as its primary input.

55
Q

Touchpad

A

Touch sensitive pad that behaves like a mouse built into laptop computers.

56
Q

Unit Prefix

A

A group of letters attached to the beginning of a unit; common prefixes include kilo, mega, giga, and tera.

57
Q

Utility Software

A

Software that allows you to fix or modify your computer in some way.

58
Q

Vent

A

Provides area for internally generated heat to be dissipated.

59
Q

Volatile

A

Computer storage that only holds data while power remains on.

Intro to IT (CS1001) (4 decks)

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