Unit 1: Colonization & Revolution

Question 0

What are the characteristics of New England’s colonies?

Answer 0

Shipbuilding, shipping, fishing, lumber, rum, livestock.

Not fertile in land, very cold in the Winters.

Question 1

What are New England’s colonies?

Answer 1

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island

Question 2

What are the Middle colonies?

Answer 2

New York, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennyslvania

Question 3

What are the Middle Colonies’ characteristics?

Answer 3

Foodstuffs, trade, some shipbuilding

Question 4

What are the Southern Colonies?

Answer 4

Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

Question 5

What are the Southern Colonies’ characteristics?

Answer 5

Plenty of land used mainly for farming, harvesting, etc. Very rural.
Tobacco, indigo, wheat, grain, mostly slaves.

Question 6

Mercantilism

Answer 6

The demand for gold and silver or self-sufficiency in order to increase a nation’s wealth and power by establishing a favorable balance of trade.

Question 7

Navigation Acts

Answer 7

Laws enacted by the Parliament to tighten their control on the American colonies’ trade.

Question 8

Triangular Trade

Answer 8

Trade of goods and people between England, Europe, Africa, West Indies, and the American colonies.

Question 9

Salutary Neglect

Answer 9

English policy to relax the restrictions on the colonies in return for their continued economic loyalty.

Question 10

French-Indian War

Answer 10

Conflict in North America between the French and the British.

Question 11

What was the result of the French-Indian War?

Answer 11

France lost.

Question 12

What were the causes of the Revolution?

Answer 12

Proclamation of 1763, Stamp Act, Townshend Act, Intolerable Act, Boston Massacre, minutemen

Question 13

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 13

Britain prohibited American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains.

Question 14

Stamp Act

Answer 14

Direct taxation by the Parliament of goods and services within the British colonies in North America.

Question 15

Townshend Act

Answer 15

Indirect taxation on goods imported from Britain by the British colonies in North America.

Question 16

Intolerable Act

Answer 16

Laws enacted by Parliament to punish Massachusetts colonies for the Boston Tea Party.

Question 17

Boston Massacre

Answer 17

5 unarmed innocent colonists shot by British soldiers.

Question 18

Minutemen

Answer 18

Patriot soldiers ready to fight.

Question 19

Common Sense

Answer 19

Written by Thomas Paine declaring why America should gain their independence from Britain.

Question 20

Marquis de Lafayette

Answer 20

French military leader who joined Washington’s army.

Question 21

Lexington/Concord

Answer 21

Minutemen intercepted Britain’s plan to overtake Massachusetts. Success.

Question 22

Saratoga

Answer 22

American victory in which Burgoyne’s plan to join forces with Gates failed.

Question 23

Valley Forge

Answer 23

The harsh Winter conditions put Washington’s army at a significant disadvantage, killing and injuring many of his men.

Question 24

Yorktown

Answer 24

French naval force blocked off any British reinforcements. American colonists and the French army surrounded the British, forcing them to finally surrender.

Question 25

Treaty of Paris

Answer 25

Officially recognizes America’s independence from Britain and ended the American Revolution.

Question 26

Middle Passage

Answer 26

Voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the West Indies and later to America. Considered the middle leg of the transatlantic trade triangle.

Question 27

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 27

Member of the Puritan clergy who sought to revive the intensity and commitment of the original Puritan vision. Preached that church attendance was not enough for salvation, people must acknowledge their sinfulness and feel God’s love.

Question 28

Great Awakening

Answer 28

Religious revival.

Question 29

Cite examples of both violent and non-violent resistance to slavery.

Answer 29

Stono Rebellion in which slaves killed planter owners and their families. It was unsuccessful, but became a model uprising for slaves.
Slaves ran away, finding refuge with Native American tribes.

Question 30

Describe the diverse agricultural and commercial economy that developed in New England and the Middle Colonies.

Answer 30

New England was restricted by the cold winters and infertile soil. Where as the Middle Colonies had fertile soil, allowing them to create a surplus of food. They were very successful in the shipbuilding industry, however.

Question 31

Sugar Act

Answer 31

A trade law enacted by Parliament in 1764 in an attempt to reduce smuggling in the British colonies in North America.

Question 32

Samuel Adams

Answer 32

Founder of the Sons of Liberty (a secret resistance group). A powerful and influential political activist.

Question 33

Which of the following groups - French, Spanish, English - had the best relationship with the Native Americans?

Answer 33

The French developed friendlier relations with the Native Americans compared to the British. They had a good trade relationship which led to military alliance. For example, the Native Americans relied on the u to fight their enemies, the Mohawk Iroquois.

Question 34

Why did the British won the French and Indian War?

Answer 34

King George II selected William Pitt to run his government. In turn, the British army began winning battles and gained some Native American allies, such as Iroquois. In a decisive battle outside of Quebec, the army was able to defeat the French which led to the end of the French and Indian War by signing the Treaty of Paris.

Question 35

What were the provisions of the Sugar Act? Why did it anger many colonists?

Answer 35

The provisions were that it halved the duty on foreign-made molasses (to make colonists pay lower taxes and stay away from smuggling), placed duties on certain imports, strengthened enforcement of the law allowing prosecutors to try smuggling cases in a more serious court setting.
It angered many colonial merchants because it placed restrictions on their imports, and raised conflicts on how the colonies should be taxed and governed.

Question 36

What methods did colonists use to protest the Parliament’s actions between 1765 and 1775?

Answer 36

Sons of Liberty prevented the Stamp Act from being effective. Colonial Assemblies came up with resolutions that taxes should be paid only by the assembly, only by their own representatives. The colonies began to act as one, as well. Merchants agreed not to import goods manufactured in Britain until the Stamp Act was repealed, which was successful.

Question 37

Second Continental Congress

Answer 37

The Continental Congress that convened in May 1775, approved the Declaration of Independence, and served as the only agency of national government during the Revolutionary War.

Question 38

Profiteering

Answer 38

The selling of goods in short supply at inflated prices.

Question 39

Friedrich Von Steuben

Answer 39

A Prussian captain volunteered his services to General Washington and trained the colonial soldiers to become an effective fighting force.

Question 40

Charles Cornwallis

Answer 40

British general who went south to reclaim former colonies and rally Loyalist support. He greatly succeeded until Patriot bands attacked his army at North Carolina, forcing them to retreat.

Question 41

What did Jefferson mean, and not mean, by that “all men are created equal”?

Answer 41

Jefferson expressed the common belief that free citizens were political equals, but no equal wealth or the same abilities.
It was not meant to embrace women, Native Americans, and African American slave (which were already a large number of Americans).

Question 42

Why did many colonists not support independence?

Answer 42

There were a significant amount of colonists who were still loyal to the king - in other words, Loyalists. They had close ties with the king, others had little knowledge of the recent events, and believe that the Crown was more effective in protecting their rights than the new colonial government.

Question 43

Why was the Battle of Trenton significant?

Answer 43

It was a Christmas night when the Hessians were the most defenseless. Washington and his men were able to win a victory. They killed 30 of the enemy and took 918 captives and six Hessian cannons.

Question 44

What British military plan did the colonial victory at Saratoga ruin?

Answer 44

Howe’s British general, Burgoyne, wanted to lead his army down a route of lakes from Canada to Albany in order to meet Howe and his troops. They would then plan to join forces and isolate New England from the rest of the colonies. However, the Americans interfered, killing off several hundred of Burgoyne’s men every time they clashed. Also, Howe was too busy conquering Philadelphia to meet Burgoyne. He surrendered to the Americans at Saratoga.

Question 45

Explain how civilians supported the war effort.

Answer 45

As men were busy at war, women were left to manage the work. Many volunteered to mend soldiers’ clothes, make ammunition, and care for soldiers (washed, cooked, etc). Some notable women even replaced wounded men at the battlefield.

Question 46

Describe three significant challenges the United States faced after the Revolution ended?

Answer 46

Women were still unrecognized; their property still belonged to their husband. Equalitarianism, therefore, only applied to white males.
Native Americans were being threatened off their lands and received little to no protection against it.
And the creation of a new government showed some difficulty as they stayed away from the British system of government.