Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Unit 1 - Cognitive Approach > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Cognitive Approach Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

3 assumptions of the cognitive approach

A

Schemas
Computer analogy
Internal mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the computer analogy explain?

A

That the brain operates like a computer as mental processing involves input, processing & output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What re the 4 internal mental processes?

A

Attention
Perception
Memory
Language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the internal mental process of attention…

A

Involves selecting & processing environmental stimulus while ignoring others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain the internal mental process of perception

A

Info from sence organs is processed & interpreted to give understanding of world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain the internal mental process of memory

A

Involves input, storage & retrieval of info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain the internal mental process of language

A

Enables humans to use symbolic thought/symbols to represent objects/concepts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a schema?

A

Mental structure that hold ‘packages of info’ about an aspect of the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Schemata helps us….

A

Make sense of the world by providing short cuts to identifying things we come across

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

An issue with schemas is?

A

They don’t always represent reality due to being put together due to social exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cognitive links to human behaviour?

A

Schizophrenia

Relationship formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the cognitive approach link to the human behaviour of schizophrenia?

A

Internal mental processes
Schizophrenics lack internal MP skills, ie lack of preconscious filters
Thus, suffer sensory overload, causing unorganised behaviour and schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the cognitive approach link to the human behaviour of relationship formation?

A

Schemas
Halo effect - schemas of attractive pope leaves also having good qualities
Thus, more likely to become interested and form a relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Therapy of the cognitive approach?

A

Cognitive behavioural therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 components in CBT? What do they entail?

A

Cognitive element - identifying -ve thoughts contributing to problems
Behaviourist element - encourage client to engage in reality testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 examples to use with CBT?

A

Pleasant activity scheduling
Dysfunctional thought diary
Cognitive restructuring

17
Q

Strength of CBT

A

+ effective treatment
+ empowering
+ no side effects
+ cost effective in the LT

18
Q

Weaknesses of CBT

A
  • not a superior treatment
  • reliance on the therapist
  • individual difference not accounted for
  • overlooks other situations in life
  • can damage self esteem
19
Q

What is the classic study of the cognitive approach?

A

Loftus and palmer- automobile reconstuction

20
Q

EX 1 aim of loftus and palmers study is….

A

Investigate how past event info/ misinform influences memory

21
Q

Methodology of loftus and palmers study

A

2 lab experiments
45 participants in ex 1
150 participants in ex 2
Independent measures design

22
Q

EX 1 Procedures of loftus and palmers study

A

Shown 7 short clips of accidents
5 groups, 7 in each
Questionnaire after each clip
Asked 1 critical question

23
Q

What was the critical question in EX 1 of loftus and palmers study

A

“How fast were the cars going when they ………. each other?”

24
Q

What were the 5 verbs used with the critical question in EX 1 of loftus and palmers study

A 
Smashed
Collided
Bumped
Hit
Contacted
25
Q

What were the findings of EX 1 in loftus and palmers study

A 
Mean speed estimates were calculated 
Smashed - 40.8 
Collided - 39.3
Bumped - 38.1
Hit - 34.0
Contacted - 31.8
26
Q

What were the conclusions of EX 1 in loftus and palmers study

A

Indicated form of question can effect witnesses answer

  • response- bias factors (different estimates occur due to influence of critical word)
  • memory representation is altered (critical word changes persons memory so perception is affected)
27
Q

EX 2 aim of loftus and palmers study

A

Investigate if leading question could bias a persons response/alter memory

28
Q

Procedure of EX 2 of loftus and palmers study

A 
Shown clip of multiple crashes 
Asked questions on speed
3 groups of 5
Asked 1 of 3 critical questions 
A week later, returned and asked another question ‘did you see smashed glass?’
29
Q

What were the critical questions in EX 2 of loftus and palmers study

A

Q1- ‘how fast were the cars going when they smashed?’
Q2 - ‘how fast were the cars going when they hit?’
Q3 - no question asked (control group)

30
Q

What were the findings of EX 2 in loftus and palmers study?

A 
Recorded who said yet or o to smashed glass
                    - Yes —  No 
Smashed - 16    — 34
Hit              - 7      — 43
Control g  -  6     — 44
31
Q

Benefits of loftus and palmers study

A

G -
R- lab ex, scientific, standardised, support
A - courtroom evidence, raised awareness
V- high validity as shows casual relationship
E- informed consent, no deception, confidential

32
Q

Weaknesses of loftus and palmers study

A

G - not generalisable, students, volunteer
R - some study’s against
A
V - low ecological & population validity
E - lack of valid content, could be distressing

33
Q

Classic study of the cognitive approach

A

Reliability of eye witness testimony

34
Q

What are the 4 sections to refer to within the cognitive debate

A

Post event info
Crimes are emotive
Child witnesses
Memory is reconstructive

35
Q

Strengths of the cognitive approach

A 
N -
U- useful influences, ie CBT, understanding child development, memory research 
R
D
S -  scientific
36
Q

Weaknesses of the cognitive approach

A

N - nature and nurture underestimated, ignores genes + sociocultural factors
U
R - reductionist, to mechanistic pov. Ignores social & emotional factors
D- deterministic, schemas determine interpretation
S

Psychology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions