Unit 1: Classification of Matter Flashcards
- Accuracy and precision - Significant figures - Measurements - Metric conversions
Pure Substance
Anything that has a fixed chemical composition and can’t be broken down physically. It’s either an element or a compound
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Energy, light, sound, and heat are not matter.
Element
A pure substance that is made of only one kind of atom.
Atom
Smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.
Compound
A substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to one another.
Molecule
Smallest unit of a compound.
Mixture
A combination of two or more pure kinds of matter that can be separated physically. It’s either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Homogeneous Mixture / Solution
A mixture in which the components have a uniform composition throughout.
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture in which the components DO NOT have a uniform composition throughout.
Intensive Properties
Properties that don’t change based on the amount of the substance present, chemical or physical.
Extensive properties
Properties that change based on the amount of the substance present, chemical or physical.
Malleability
The ability to be hammered into a thin sheet.
Ductility
The ability to be stretched into a wire.
Solubility
The ability of a substance to dissolve in another
Miscibility
The ability of 2 substances to mix and form a homogeneous mixture
Chemical Property
A property that can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance.
Ex. Flammability, ability to rust, reactivity, pH
Physical Change
A change that occurs that does not change the identity of the substance.
Chemical Change
A change that occurs causing the identity of the substance to change
Law of Conservation of Mass
When a substance undergoes a physical or chemical change it doesn’t gain or lose any of its mass.
Law of Conservation of Energy
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another.
What changes require an exchange of energy?
Both physical and chemical changes require an exchange of energy.
What changes follow both the Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of Conservation of Energy?
Physical and chemical changes
Filtration
Passing a mixture through a barrier that prevents some parts of the mixture from passing through
What property does filtration exploit?
Particle size
Decanting
Carefully pouring off the liquid layer in a mixture to separate it from a solid layer.
What property does decanting exploit?
Solubility and density.
Centrifuge
Spinning a mixture in order to separate it into layers
What property does the centrifuge exploit?
Density
Distillation
Heating a mixture of miscible liquids until one boils, becomes a vapor, and condenses in a separate location.
What property does distillation exploit?
Boiling point
Chromatography
Separating the components of a homogeneous mixture by allowing a mobile phase to move them thru a stationary phase.
What property does chromatography exploit?
Solubility
