Sem 1 Final: Extra Study Flashcards
What is not matter?
Energy: light, sound, heat
Intensive Properties
properties that DON’T change based on amount of substance present
Extensive Properties
properties that DO change based on amount of substance present
Miscibility
ability for substances to mix and make a homogenous mixture
Conservation of Mass? Conservation of Energy?
Mass: in physical and chemical changes mass is not created or destroyed
Energy: in physical and chemical changes energy is not created or destroyed
What changes require an exchange of energy?
Both physical and chemical changes require an exchange of energy.
Filtration
Passing a mixture through a barrier that prevents some parts of the mixture from passing through
What property does filtration exploit?
Particle size
Decanting
Carefully pouring off the liquid layer in a mixture to separate it from a solid layer.
What property does decanting exploit?
Solubility and density.
Centrifuge
Spinning a mixture in order to separate it into layers
What property does the centrifuge exploit?
Density
Distillation
Heating a mixture of miscible liquids until one boils, becomes a vapor, and condenses in a separate location.
What property does distillation exploit?
Boiling point
Chromatography
Separating the components of a homogeneous mixture by allowing a mobile phase to move them thru a stationary phase.
What property does chromatography exploit?
Solubility
Properties of metals
- Solid (not Hg)
- Lustrous
- Conductors of Heat and Electricity
- Malleable and Ductile
Properties of nonmetals
- All states of matter
- Not typically lustrous
- Poor conductors (insulators)
- Brittle (not malleable / ductile)
Properties of metalloids
- Typically solids
- Can lose or gain electrons
- Partially conduct electricity (Semiconductors)
Law of Definite Proportions
Any compound/molecule will have the same elemental proportions regardless of sample size
Law of Multiple Proportions
atoms of the same elements can unite in different ratios to form different compounds
ex. CO & CO2
Dmitri Mendeleev
- Arranged elements by atomic mass
- Grouped elements w similar properties
- Left gaps for new elements
- Widely accepted because of its ability to predict properties of new elements
Henry Moseley
- Determined that no two elements have the same number of protons
- Organized elements based on increasing atomic number
- Our current periodic table
Periodic Law
All elements will be organized by their atomic number according to similar physical and chemical properties
Group 1
Alkali metals - 1 valence electron, +1 charge, soft, very reactive, high luster
Group 2
Alkaline Earth Metals - 2 valence electrons, +2 charge, reactive, high luster, high density, harder than group 1
Group 3-12
Transition Metals - valence electrons vary, charge varies, reactivity varies, lustrous
Group 17
Halogens - very reactive, 7 valence electrons, -1 charge, salt formers
Group 18
Noble (Inert) Gases - not reactive, no charge, 8 valence electrons (except Helium), colorless gases
Order of people that contributed to atomic structure
democritus
dalton
thomson
rutherford
bohr
schrodinger
Aufbau Principle
electrons will fill the lowest energy levels first
Pauli Exclusion Principle
there are only two electrons per orbital with opposite spins
Hund’s Rule
electrons don’t double up until they have to
