Unit 1 - Chemistry Of Life Review Flashcards
Cohesion
The attractive force between molecules of the same substance
Adhesion
The attractive force between molecules of different substances
Hydrogen bonds
Weak chemical bonds formed between a hydrogen atom and a oxygen or nitrogen atom
Hydrophobic
Lack of attraction for water
Hydrophilic
Attraction to water
Denaturing
The process in which a protein loses its structure and function
Dehydration Reaction
A chemical reaction that links two molecules together by removing a water molecule
Hydrolysis Reaction
A chemical reaction that breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones by adding a water molecule
Monomer
A small molecule that can join together with similar molecules to form a larger molecule called a polymer
Polymer
A large molecule made up of smaller molecules called monomers
Transpiration
The process which a plant releases water vapor through small pores in their leaves called stomata
Protein
A large biomolecule composed of amino acids
Carbohydrate
A biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that serve as a important source of energy for organisms
Lipid
A diverse group of biomolecule s that include fats, oils, and phospholipids
(Important for energy storage, insulation, and forming structures of cell membranes)
Nucleic Acid
A biomolecule that Carrie’s genetic information and controls cellular functions
Independent variable
The variable that is observed or measured to determine the effect of the independent variable
Dependent variable
The variable that is changed or manipulated by the researcher to observe its effects
Standard error
A measure of the variation or uncertainty associated with the mean value of a set of data points
What atoms are in a molecule of water
2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen
Where is the majority of the negative charge on a water molecule
On the oxygen atom
What is the different between a covalent bond and a hydrogen bond
Covalent bond is the bond between the two hydrogen atoms and a oxygen atom
Hydrogen bond is the bond between multiple molecules of water (H20)
Elemental composition of a Protein
C, H, O, N,
(S)
Elemental composition of Carbohydrates
C, H, O
1,2:1
Elemental composition of Nucleic Acids
C, H, O, N, P
Elemental composition of Lipids
C, H, O (P)
(Mostly C, H)
What are the elements of life
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphors, Sulfur
Define Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids
Saturated fatty acids: in animals, (all single bonds: SOLID at room temp.
Unsaturated fatty acids: in plants, double bonds: LIQUID at room temp
How many different Amino Acids (AA) are there
20
What kind of sugar is in a Nucleotide
Deoxyribose sugar
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
Who Belongs to who? (A,G,C,T)
A and T
C and G
Primary structure
A single polypeptide chain of a chain of amino acids
Secondary structure
1 polypeptide chain creating patterns
Quaternary structure
Three polypeptide chains with r groups
Tertiary structure
R group bonding interactions in one polypeptide chain
What should every graph have (3 things)
- Y and x axis
- Title
- Evenly spaced scales
RNA
A,G,C,U
DNA
A,C,G,T
Phosolipid
Hydrophobic, hydrophilic
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Macromolecules
2 or more polymers bonded together
Dehydration reaction
Moves a water molecule forming a new bond
Hydrolysis reaction
Adds a water molecule breaking a bond
Glucose + Fructose
Sucrose
Purines
Adenine Guanine
Pyrimidines
Cytosine Thymine Uracil
Enzyme
Type of protein
