Unit 1 - Chemistry Of Life Review

Question 1

Cohesion

Answer 1

The attractive force between molecules of the same substance

Question 2

Adhesion

Answer 2

The attractive force between molecules of different substances

Question 3

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 3

Weak chemical bonds formed between a hydrogen atom and a oxygen or nitrogen atom

Question 4

Hydrophobic

Answer 4

Lack of attraction for water

Question 5

Hydrophilic

Answer 5

Attraction to water

Question 6

Denaturing

Answer 6

The process in which a protein loses its structure and function

Question 7

Dehydration Reaction

Answer 7

A chemical reaction that links two molecules together by removing a water molecule

Question 8

Hydrolysis Reaction

Answer 8

A chemical reaction that breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones by adding a water molecule

Question 9

Monomer

Answer 9

A small molecule that can join together with similar molecules to form a larger molecule called a polymer

Question 10

Polymer

Answer 10

A large molecule made up of smaller molecules called monomers

Question 11

Transpiration

Answer 11

The process which a plant releases water vapor through small pores in their leaves called stomata

Question 12

Protein

Answer 12

A large biomolecule composed of amino acids

Question 13

Carbohydrate

Answer 13

A biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that serve as a important source of energy for organisms

Question 14

Lipid

Answer 14

A diverse group of biomolecule s that include fats, oils, and phospholipids
(Important for energy storage, insulation, and forming structures of cell membranes)

Question 15

Nucleic Acid

Answer 15

A biomolecule that Carrie’s genetic information and controls cellular functions

Question 16

Independent variable

Answer 16

The variable that is observed or measured to determine the effect of the independent variable

Question 17

Dependent variable

Answer 17

The variable that is changed or manipulated by the researcher to observe its effects

Question 18

Standard error

Answer 18

A measure of the variation or uncertainty associated with the mean value of a set of data points

Question 19

What atoms are in a molecule of water

Answer 19

2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen

Question 20

Where is the majority of the negative charge on a water molecule

Answer 20

On the oxygen atom

Question 21

What is the different between a covalent bond and a hydrogen bond

Answer 21

Covalent bond is the bond between the two hydrogen atoms and a oxygen atom

Hydrogen bond is the bond between multiple molecules of water (H20)

Question 22

Elemental composition of a Protein

Answer 22

C, H, O, N,
(S)

Question 23

Elemental composition of Carbohydrates

Answer 23

C, H, O
1,2:1

Question 24

Elemental composition of Nucleic Acids

Answer 24

C, H, O, N, P

Question 25

Elemental composition of Lipids

Answer 25

C, H, O (P) (Mostly C, H)

Question 26

What are the elements of life

Answer 26

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphors, Sulfur

Question 27

Define Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 27

Saturated fatty acids: in animals, (all single bonds: SOLID at room temp. Unsaturated fatty acids: in plants, double bonds: LIQUID at room temp

Question 28

How many different Amino Acids (AA) are there

Answer 28

20

Question 29

What kind of sugar is in a Nucleotide

Answer 29

Deoxyribose sugar

Question 30

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine Who Belongs to who? (A,G,C,T)

Answer 30

A and T C and G

Question 31

Primary structure

Answer 31

A single polypeptide chain of a chain of amino acids

Question 32

Secondary structure

Answer 32

1 polypeptide chain creating patterns

Question 33

Quaternary structure

Answer 33

Three polypeptide chains with r groups

Question 34

Tertiary structure

Answer 34

R group bonding interactions in one polypeptide chain

Question 35

What should every graph have (3 things)

Answer 35

1. Y and x axis 2. Title 3. Evenly spaced scales

Question 36

RNA

Answer 36

A,G,C,U

Question 37

DNA

Answer 37

A,C,G,T

Question 38

Phosolipid

Answer 38

Hydrophobic, hydrophilic

Question 39

Carbohydrates

Answer 39

Monosaccharides

Question 40

Macromolecules

Answer 40

2 or more polymers bonded together

Question 41

Dehydration reaction

Answer 41

Moves a water molecule forming a new bond

Question 42

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 42

Adds a water molecule breaking a bond

Question 43

Glucose + Fructose

Answer 43

Sucrose

Question 44

Purines

Answer 44

Adenine Guanine

Question 45

Pyrimidines

Answer 45

Cytosine Thymine Uracil

Question 46

Enzyme

Answer 46

Type of protein