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Ap Biology > Unit 1 - Chemistry Of Life Review > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Chemistry Of Life Review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cohesion

A

The attractive force between molecules of the same substance

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2
Q

Adhesion

A

The attractive force between molecules of different substances

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3
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Weak chemical bonds formed between a hydrogen atom and a oxygen or nitrogen atom

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4
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Lack of attraction for water

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5
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Attraction to water

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6
Q

Denaturing

A

The process in which a protein loses its structure and function

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7
Q

Dehydration Reaction

A

A chemical reaction that links two molecules together by removing a water molecule

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8
Q

Hydrolysis Reaction

A

A chemical reaction that breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones by adding a water molecule

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9
Q

Monomer

A

A small molecule that can join together with similar molecules to form a larger molecule called a polymer

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10
Q

Polymer

A

A large molecule made up of smaller molecules called monomers

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11
Q

Transpiration

A

The process which a plant releases water vapor through small pores in their leaves called stomata

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12
Q

Protein

A

A large biomolecule composed of amino acids

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13
Q

Carbohydrate

A

A biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that serve as a important source of energy for organisms

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14
Q

Lipid

A

A diverse group of biomolecule s that include fats, oils, and phospholipids
(Important for energy storage, insulation, and forming structures of cell membranes)

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15
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

A biomolecule that Carrie’s genetic information and controls cellular functions

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16
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable that is observed or measured to determine the effect of the independent variable

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17
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable that is changed or manipulated by the researcher to observe its effects

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18
Q

Standard error

A

A measure of the variation or uncertainty associated with the mean value of a set of data points

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19
Q

What atoms are in a molecule of water

A

2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen

20
Q

Where is the majority of the negative charge on a water molecule

A

On the oxygen atom

21
Q

What is the different between a covalent bond and a hydrogen bond

A

Covalent bond is the bond between the two hydrogen atoms and a oxygen atom

Hydrogen bond is the bond between multiple molecules of water (H20)

22
Q

Elemental composition of a Protein

A

C, H, O, N,
(S)

23
Q

Elemental composition of Carbohydrates

A

C, H, O
1,2:1

24
Q

Elemental composition of Nucleic Acids

A

C, H, O, N, P

25
Q

Elemental composition of Lipids

A

C, H, O (P)

(Mostly C, H)

26
Q

What are the elements of life

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphors, Sulfur

27
Q

Define Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids

A

Saturated fatty acids: in animals, (all single bonds: SOLID at room temp.

Unsaturated fatty acids: in plants, double bonds: LIQUID at room temp

28
Q

How many different Amino Acids (AA) are there

A

20

29
Q

What kind of sugar is in a Nucleotide

A

Deoxyribose sugar

30
Q

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
Who Belongs to who? (A,G,C,T)

A

A and T

C and G

31
Q

Primary structure

A

A single polypeptide chain of a chain of amino acids

32
Q

Secondary structure

A

1 polypeptide chain creating patterns

33
Q

Quaternary structure

A

Three polypeptide chains with r groups

34
Q

Tertiary structure

A

R group bonding interactions in one polypeptide chain

35
Q

What should every graph have (3 things)

A
  1. Y and x axis
  2. Title
  3. Evenly spaced scales
36
Q

RNA

A

A,G,C,U

37
Q

DNA

A

A,C,G,T

38
Q

Phosolipid

A

Hydrophobic, hydrophilic

39
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

40
Q

Macromolecules

A

2 or more polymers bonded together

41
Q

Dehydration reaction

A

Moves a water molecule forming a new bond

42
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

Adds a water molecule breaking a bond

43
Q

Glucose + Fructose

A

Sucrose

44
Q

Purines

A

Adenine Guanine

45
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Cytosine Thymine Uracil

46
Q

Enzyme

A

Type of protein

Ap Biology (3 decks)

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