Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

honors biooooo > Unit 1: Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Unit 1: Chemistry of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

physical things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

element

A

periodic table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atom

A

smallest unit of measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in an element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

proton

A

positively charged part of the atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

electron

A

negatively charged part of the atom, used to bond with other atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

neutron

A

the mass of the atom, has no charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mass number

A

number of protons and neutrons in an element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

molecule

A

group of atoms bonded together, smallest unit of a chemical compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

isotope

A

an element with extra/less mass - neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

covalent bond

A

bond between atoms where the atoms share electrons to become stable. electron pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

nonpolar

A

describes a molecule that has no partial charges or charges due to an even pull from every atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ion

A

an atom with an electric charge due to added electron(s) or taken away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

chemical reaction

A

a process where one or more substanes are converted into one or more other substances. reactants –> products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hydrogen bond

A

a weak bond between two molecules that occurs due to the molecules polarity and slight charge, involves hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

adhesion

A

action of molecules sticking to another surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

reactants

A

undergoes change in chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

products

A

formed in chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

solvent

A

liquid able to dissolve other substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cohesion

A

action of molecules sticking together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

thermal energy

A

total energy contained in an object ???

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

solution

A

homogeneous mixture of two or more substances - something dissolved in a liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

solute

A

thing dissolved in the liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

acid

A

ph lower than 7, can donate protons or accept an electron pair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

alkaline

A

ph over 7, produced hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

base

A

substances that react with acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

hydrocarbons

A

molecules with only carbon and hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

organic compounds

A

molecules that contain carbon + hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

buffer

A

resists changes in ph when acids or bases are added

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Hydrophilic

A

loves water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Functional groups

A

groups added on that make molecules polar and have uniquie properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

hydrophobic

A

hates water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

chemical reaction that bonds monomers into polymers and removes a H2,O and creates a water molecule

32
Q

Monomer

A

small molecule that acts as a unit to build larger polymers

32
Q

polymer

A

many monomers bonded together

32
Q

hydrolisis

A

Opposite of dehydration synthesis, uses water to break down polymers

33
Q

Anabolic

A
34
Q

Carbohydrate

A

catagory of moleculer group- organic compounds group that contains starch, sugars and cellulose

35
Q

Monosaccharide

A

a simple sugar, singular, glucose, fructose

36
Q

Disaccharide

A

2 monosaccharides bonded through dehydration synthesis- often sweeter than one, maltose, sucrose

37
Q

Polysaccharide

A

polymer of monosaccharides, bonded through dehydration synthesis, starch

38
Q

Lipids

A

class of organic compounds, fatty acids, fats, oils,

39
Q

Fats

A

energy storing, saturated fatty acids

40
Q

Unsaturated fatty acid

A

fatty acid with a bent chain, prevents them from packing tightly, usually liquid at room temp, found in plants and fish- oils

41
Q

Saturated Fatty Acid

A

fatty acid with straight chain, most animal fats, pack closely together- solid at room temp

42
Q

Phospholipids

A

lipid containing phosphate

43
Q

Proteins

A

polymers of amino acids

44
Q

Denaturation

A

proccess where protein loses it shape and function

45
Q

Amino acid

A

amino and carboxylic acid functional groups, monomer for proteins

46
Q

Peptide bond

A

carboxyl and amino groups of two amino acids link releasing water, what links protein polymers together

47
Q

Polypeptide

A

amino acids linked by peptide bonds

48
Q

Enzyme

A

proteins that act as biological catalysts, help speed up chemical reactions, aid digestion

49
Q

Substrate

A

substance that an enzyme acts on

50
Q

Active site

A

region that an enzyme binds to a protein during a reaction

51
Q

Activation energy

A

The energy needed to activate/perform a chemical reaction

52
Q

Saturation

A
53
Q

Competitive inhibitor

A

nterruption of a chemical pathway- when a similiar substance to the substrate gets caught in the enzymes

54
Q

four things that affect enzyme speed

A

tempature, ph, competetive inhibator, and ammount of substrate

55
Q

catalase

A

enzyme that catalyzing hydrogen peroxide, helping getting rid of its toxicity from our bodies after chemical reactions within us

56
Q

what do all living things do

A

reproduce, are made of cells, obtain and use enery, produce waste, respond to stimuli

57
Q

hydroxyl group

A

-OH

58
Q

elements in carbohydrates and lipids

A

C,H,O

59
Q

Elements in proteins

A

C,H,O,N

60
Q

Elements in nucleic acids

A

C,H,O,N,P

61
Q

Fibrous proteins

A

linear, exp: collagen, keratin, muscle fibers

62
Q

globular proteins

A

folded + compacted proteins, insulin, hemagloben, anabodies

63
Q

shape determines….

A

function

64
Q

first folding

A

sequence of amino acids by peptide bonds

65
Q

second folding

A

alpha helixes + beta sheets- formed by attractions in the backbone

66
Q

third folding

A

R group interactions - disulfide bonds, weak interactions, hydrophobic –> center

67
Q

phosphate functional group

A

PO32

68
Q

3 components of neucleotide ATP

A

Nitrogenous base, phosphate group, pentose sugar

69
Q

nucleic acid functions

A

cellular energy + genetic infromation

70
Q

lipids functions

A

long term energy storage

71
Q

lipid monomer

A

fatty acid

72
Q

protein functions

A

cellular proccesses

73
Q

nucleic acid monomer

A

nucleotide

74
Q

amino group

A

NH2

75
Q

carboxyl group

A

CO2H2

76
Q
A

honors biooooo (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions