Unit 1: Chemistry of Life

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

physical things

Question 2

element

Answer 2

periodic table

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

smallest unit of measurement

Question 4

atomic number

Answer 4

number of protons in an element

Question 5

proton

Answer 5

positively charged part of the atom

Question 6

electron

Answer 6

negatively charged part of the atom, used to bond with other atoms

Question 7

neutron

Answer 7

the mass of the atom, has no charge

Question 8

mass number

Answer 8

number of protons and neutrons in an element

Question 9

molecule

Answer 9

group of atoms bonded together, smallest unit of a chemical compound

Question 10

isotope

Answer 10

an element with extra/less mass - neutrons

Question 11

covalent bond

Answer 11

bond between atoms where the atoms share electrons to become stable. electron pairs

Question 12

nonpolar

Answer 12

describes a molecule that has no partial charges or charges due to an even pull from every atom

Question 13

ion

Answer 13

an atom with an electric charge due to added electron(s) or taken away

Question 14

chemical reaction

Answer 14

a process where one or more substanes are converted into one or more other substances. reactants –> products.

Question 15

hydrogen bond

Answer 15

a weak bond between two molecules that occurs due to the molecules polarity and slight charge, involves hydrogen

Question 16

adhesion

Answer 16

action of molecules sticking to another surface

Question 17

reactants

Answer 17

undergoes change in chemical reaction

Question 18

products

Answer 18

formed in chemical reactions

Question 19

solvent

Answer 19

liquid able to dissolve other substances

Question 20

cohesion

Answer 20

action of molecules sticking together

Question 21

thermal energy

Answer 21

total energy contained in an object ???

Question 22

solution

Answer 22

homogeneous mixture of two or more substances - something dissolved in a liquid

Question 23

solute

Answer 23

thing dissolved in the liquid

Question 24

acid

Answer 24

ph lower than 7, can donate protons or accept an electron pair

Question 25

alkaline

Answer 25

ph over 7, produced hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

Question 26

base

Answer 26

substances that react with acids

Question 27

hydrocarbons

Answer 27

molecules with only carbon and hydrogen

Question 27

organic compounds

Answer 27

molecules that contain carbon + hydrogen

Question 28

buffer

Answer 28

resists changes in ph when acids or bases are added

Question 29

Hydrophilic

Answer 29

loves water

Question 30

Functional groups

Answer 30

groups added on that make molecules polar and have uniquie properties

Question 31

hydrophobic

Answer 31

hates water

Question 32

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 32

chemical reaction that bonds monomers into polymers and removes a H2,O and creates a water molecule

Question 32

Monomer

Answer 32

small molecule that acts as a unit to build larger polymers

Question 32

polymer

Answer 32

many monomers bonded together

Question 32

hydrolisis

Answer 32

Opposite of dehydration synthesis, uses water to break down polymers

Question 33

Anabolic

Question 34

Carbohydrate

Answer 34

catagory of moleculer group- organic compounds group that contains starch, sugars and cellulose

Question 35

Monosaccharide

Answer 35

a simple sugar, singular, glucose, fructose

Question 36

Disaccharide

Answer 36

2 monosaccharides bonded through dehydration synthesis- often sweeter than one, maltose, sucrose

Question 37

Polysaccharide

Answer 37

polymer of monosaccharides, bonded through dehydration synthesis, starch

Question 38

Lipids

Answer 38

class of organic compounds, fatty acids, fats, oils,

Question 39

Fats

Answer 39

energy storing, saturated fatty acids

Question 40

Unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 40

fatty acid with a bent chain, prevents them from packing tightly, usually liquid at room temp, found in plants and fish- oils

Question 41

Saturated Fatty Acid

Answer 41

fatty acid with straight chain, most animal fats, pack closely together- solid at room temp

Question 42

Phospholipids

Answer 42

lipid containing phosphate

Question 43

Proteins

Answer 43

polymers of amino acids

Question 44

Denaturation

Answer 44

proccess where protein loses it shape and function

Question 45

Amino acid

Answer 45

amino and carboxylic acid functional groups, monomer for proteins

Question 46

Peptide bond

Answer 46

carboxyl and amino groups of two amino acids link releasing water, what links protein polymers together

Question 47

Polypeptide

Answer 47

amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 48

Enzyme

Answer 48

proteins that act as biological catalysts, help speed up chemical reactions, aid digestion

Question 49

Substrate

Answer 49

substance that an enzyme acts on

Question 50

Active site

Answer 50

region that an enzyme binds to a protein during a reaction

Question 51

Activation energy

Answer 51

The energy needed to activate/perform a chemical reaction

Question 52

Saturation

Question 53

Competitive inhibitor

Answer 53

nterruption of a chemical pathway- when a similiar substance to the substrate gets caught in the enzymes

Question 54

four things that affect enzyme speed

Answer 54

tempature, ph, competetive inhibator, and ammount of substrate

Question 55

catalase

Answer 55

enzyme that catalyzing hydrogen peroxide, helping getting rid of its toxicity from our bodies after chemical reactions within us

Question 56

what do all living things do

Answer 56

reproduce, are made of cells, obtain and use enery, produce waste, respond to stimuli

Question 57

hydroxyl group

Answer 57

-OH

Question 58

elements in carbohydrates and lipids

Answer 58

C,H,O

Question 59

Elements in proteins

Answer 59

C,H,O,N

Question 60

Elements in nucleic acids

Answer 60

C,H,O,N,P

Question 61

Fibrous proteins

Answer 61

linear, exp: collagen, keratin, muscle fibers

Question 62

globular proteins

Answer 62

folded + compacted proteins, insulin, hemagloben, anabodies

Question 63

shape determines....

Answer 63

function

Question 64

first folding

Answer 64

sequence of amino acids by peptide bonds

Question 65

second folding

Answer 65

alpha helixes + beta sheets- formed by attractions in the backbone

Question 66

third folding

Answer 66

R group interactions - disulfide bonds, weak interactions, hydrophobic --> center

Question 67

phosphate functional group

Answer 67

PO32

Question 68

3 components of neucleotide ATP

Answer 68

Nitrogenous base, phosphate group, pentose sugar

Question 69

nucleic acid functions

Answer 69

cellular energy + genetic infromation

Question 70

lipids functions

Answer 70

long term energy storage

Question 71

lipid monomer

Answer 71

fatty acid

Question 72

protein functions

Answer 72

cellular proccesses

Question 73

nucleic acid monomer

Answer 73

nucleotide

Question 74

amino group

Answer 74

NH2

Question 75

carboxyl group

Answer 75

CO2H2