Unit 1: Chemical, cellular, & evolutionary foundations Flashcards

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1
Q

Learning Objectives

A
  1. Distinguish between science (scientific method) and
    other forms of investigation/exploration.
  2. Use the scientific method to make observations,
    develop hypotheses, design experiments, and develop
    models
  3. Explain why cells are considered the fundamental unit
    of life.
  4. Recognize how evolution explains the unity and
    diversity of life.
  5. Explain how the interaction of organisms with each
    other and their environment impacts evolution.
  6. Explain the statement “humans have become major
    agents in ecology and evolution”.
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2
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable
that is deliberately changed

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3
Q

Dependent variable

A

what is being
measured

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4
Q

Control variables

A

variable that stay
the same during the experiment

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5
Q

Scientific method

A
  1. Question
  2. Research
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Experiment
  5. Data Analysis
  6. Conclusion
  7. Communication.
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6
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

a type of reasoning that involves drawing a general conclusion from a set of specific observations.

“bottom-up”

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7
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

a logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions

“top-down”

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8
Q

Properties of Life

A

– Order (organization)
– Sensitivity or Response to
Stimuli
– Reproduction
– Growth and Development
– Regulation
– Homeostasis
– Energy Processing

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9
Q

Cell Theory

A

– All cells arise from other cells
– All organisms are composed of one or more
cells

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10
Q

What property of
life does cell theory come from?

A. Order (organization)
B. Sensitivity or Response to Stimuli
C. Reproduction
D. Growth and Development
E. Energy Processing

A
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11
Q

Order the
following from least to most
complex:

A. Ecosystem, organ system, community, molecule, cell
B. Organ system, community, ecosystem, cell, molecule
C. Community, molecule, organ system, cell, organ system
D. Cell, molecule, organ system, community, ecosystem
E. Molecule, cell, organ system, community, ecosystem

A
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12
Q

Atom

A

smallest unit
of an element that still
retains the element’s
properties

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13
Q

Molecule

A

A cluster of
atoms held
together by
chemical bonds

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14
Q

Organelle

A

A structure
within a cell
that performs a
specific function

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15
Q

Cell

A

The simplest entity that has all
the properties of life

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16
Q

Tissue

A

A group of similar cells that carries
out a particular function in an
organism

17
Q

Organ

A

A structure
consisting of two or
more tissues that
performs specialized
functions within an
organism

18
Q

Organ System

A

A group of body
parts that carries out a particular
function in an organism

19
Q

Organism

A

individual
composed of many
coordinated organ
systems

20
Q

Population

A

group of
individuals of the same species
occupying a specific area
(species = organisms that
interbreed)

21
Q

Community

A

all
populations of all species occupying a specific area

22
Q

Ecosystem

A

A
community and its physical
environment
All biotic and abiotic
components of a certain
area

23
Q

Biosphere

A

Those
regions of the earth’s
waters, crust and
atmosphere in which
organisms can exist.
The global ecosystem

24
Q

Which of the
following do the three domains of life
all have in common?
1. Made of cells
2. Contain mitochondria
3. Contain a phospholipid bilayer (plasma
membrane)

A

1 and 3

25
Q

Which one of the following
statements about viruses is incorrect?

A. Most viruses use cellular machinery to
replicate their genetic material.
B. The genomes of viruses are enclosed in a
protein coat and occasionally a lipid bilayer
envelope.
C. Viruses possess the ability to harness energy
from the environment.
D. Viruses are valuable tools in biological
research.
E. Some types of viruses integrate their
genomes into the genome of the host organism.

A

C. Viruses possess the ability to harness energy

26
Q

Which one of the following
organisms has been most damaged by the
influence of humans?

A. rats
B. corn
C. cockroaches
D. apples
E. white rhinos

A

E. White Rhinos

27
Q

If the duration of life on
Earth was on a scale of 20,000 days, for how
many of those days would the human species
be present?

A. 1
B. 100
C. 2000
D. 10,000
E. 20,000

A

A. 1