unit 1 ) CHEM BONDS Flashcards
what is the oclet rule
atoms will always share lose or gain electrons in such a way that the outer most level of the bohr diagram is filled out
electronenegativity definition
the ability for the atom to be able to hold on the electron and the level of attractivness
what elements have lower electronegativity
mettalic ones have lower non-metals have more (because metals give electrons annd non metals share electrons)
how do you write lewis dot diagrams
- determine valance electrons
- determine how many bonds are shared between elements write ——- for single
- or == for double element to show that they bond toghether
what does stereochemistry mean
the spatial arrangement or 3D distribution of molecules.
vsepr theory meaning
a set of rules to determine what the 2d lewis structure of a molecule bond looks like in 3d
how many things are in linear molecules
2 things are around the central atom they’re are in a line with 2 things around central its linear
-180 degrees
how many things are in trignal plainer
when 3 things around central atom theres 3 things around central atom its trignal plainer
-120 degrees
does it matter how bonds are in the vsepr molecules
- no it doesnt matter how many bonds wether double triple or single itll still be the same model
bent molecule definintion
-based on triginal plainer
-instead of having a whole atom above central atom its a unshared electron and its
-aproxemetly 116 degrees
tetrahedral shape molecule definition
when thers 4 things that are around the central atom regardless of bonds
-all 109.5 degrees
trigonal pyramidal shape molecule definition
has 3 bonds but one of them are replaced with an unpaired electron
-around 107 degrees
what does the water molecule look like
water has 3 bonds but one of them are replaced with an unpaired electron around
-107 degrees
ways to achive bent shape
- having 3 things around central atom one of them being a unshared electron
- having 4 things around central atom two of them being unshared electron (like water h2o)
how to detremine molecule shape
- ask how many things are placed around the central atom
- what structure the molecule is based on
- which atoms are replaced with unshared electrons (if any)
- list structure and bond angles
What does polar mean
Polar is when there’s a large difference in electronegativity (usually 0.8) and have positive and negative ends
What does nonpolar stand for
It stands for the atoms sharing the same electronegativity and having two negative ends
Do Polar have nonequal sharing or equal sharing
They have nonequal because of the large electronegativity difference pulls the atoms to try to get full octet
Do Nonpolar bonds have equal or nonequal sharing
They have equal sharing because they don’t have as large of a electronegativiy to pull the other atoms
NxAy) containing nitrogen and one other atoms (polar or non-polar )
polar
what do all forces polar or non polar have
london foces
AB) 2 diatomic with different atoms
polar
OxAy) containing oxygen and other atoms
polar
SxAy) containing sulfur and one other atom
polar
