Unit 1 - Chapters 1 - 4 - Misc. MCQs Flashcards
1
Q
Reasons for the abandonment of Vinland outpost:
A
- Poor lines of communication
- Far from home
- Hostile Native Americans
- Political upheavals back home
- Climate cooling
- No good reason to stay
2
Q
Johannes Gutenberg’s invention and impact:
A
- Gutenberg invented the printing press with movable type in the mid-15th century.
- The printing press revolutionized the production of books and facilitated the mass production of printed materials.
- It played a crucial role in the spread of knowledge, ideas, and literacy throughout Europe.
- The availability of books increased, leading to a wider dissemination of religious, scientific, and philosophical texts.
- The printing press contributed to the cultural and intellectual flourishing of the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation.
3
Q
Reasons for Hernan Cortes’s success in defeating the Aztec kingdom:
A
- Technological advantage: The Spanish had superior weaponry, including firearms, cannons, and steel armor.
- Alliance with indigenous groups: Cortes formed alliances with native groups who were enemies of the Aztecs, leveraging their military support.
- Internal divisions within the Aztec Empire: Many indigenous groups resented Aztec dominance and joined Cortes’s forces.
- Diseases: The introduction of European diseases, such as smallpox, significantly weakened the Aztec population and their ability to resist.
4
Q
Challenges and problems France faced in establishing colonies in North America:
A
- Competition with other European powers, particularly England and Spain, for territory and resources.
- Harsh climate and unfamiliar environment, making colonization efforts challenging.
- Limited financial and military resources compared to other colonial powers.
- Conflicts with indigenous populations, often resulting in hostilities and difficulties in establishing peaceful trade relations.
5
Q
Importance of the explorations of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, and Pedro Menendez de Aviles:
A
- Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca: His exploration of Florida, Texas, and northern Mexico provided valuable information about the geography, indigenous cultures, and survival techniques in the region.
- Francisco Vasquez de Coronado: Led an expedition in search of the legendary Seven Cities of Gold, exploring present-day southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Although he didn’t find gold, his travels led to further exploration and expanded knowledge of the region.
- Pedro Menendez de Aviles: Established the settlement of St. Augustine in Florida, which became the first permanent European settlement in what is now the United States. His efforts helped secure Spanish claims in the region.
6
Q
Colony at Roanoke and what might have happened to it:
A
- Roanoke was an English colony established on Roanoke Island off the coast of present-day North Carolina in the late 16th century.
- The colony faced numerous challenges, including limited supplies, strained relations with Native Americans, and a lack of reinforcement from England.
- The fate of the colony remains a mystery as the settlers disappeared, leading to the term “Lost Colony.” Theories suggest they may have assimilated into local tribes or faced starvation, disease, or attacks.
7
Q
Scrooby Manor Separatists’ beliefs and attempts at founding Plymouth Colony:
A
- The Scrooby Manor Separatists, led by William Brewster and William Bradford, were a group of English Puritans seeking religious freedom.
- They believed in separating from the Church of England and establishing their own independent congregations.
- After facing persecution in England, they first migrated to the Netherlands and later embarked on the Mayflower journey to establish Plymouth Colony in 1620, seeking a place where they could freely practice their faith.
8
Q
Criticisms of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson against the Massachusetts Bay colony:
A
- Roger Williams criticized the colony’s theocratic government, advocating for religious freedom and the separation of church and state. He also opposed the seizure of Native American lands without fair compensation.
- Anne Hutchinson challenged the authority of the clergy and promoted the idea of direct revelation from God. She held meetings in her home discussing religious matters, which the authorities considered a threat to their control over religious doctrine.
9
Q
Number of immigrants involved in the Great Migration to New England:
A
- The Great Migration refers to the period from 1620 to 1640 when thousands of English Puritans migrated to New England.
- It is estimated that around 20,000 settlers migrated to New England during this period, seeking religious freedom, economic opportunities, and a chance to establish Puritan communities.
10
Q
Pueblo Revolt and its results:
A
- The Pueblo Revolt, also known as Popé’s Rebellion, occurred in 1680 when Pueblo Indians in present-day New Mexico revolted against Spanish colonization.
- Led by the religious leader Popé, the Pueblo people sought to drive out the Spanish and reclaim their lands and religious autonomy.
- The revolt was successful, resulting in the temporary expulsion of the Spanish from the region and a resurgence of Pueblo culture and traditions. However, Spanish forces reasserted control in the following decades, albeit with some concessions to Pueblo autonomy.
11
Q
Importance of the explorations of Samuel de Champlain and Sieur de La Salle:
A
- Samuel de Champlain: Known as the “Father of New France,” Champlain explored and mapped the northeastern parts of North America, including the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes region. His efforts contributed to the establishment of French colonies and fur trading networks in the region.
- Sieur de La Salle: La Salle explored the Mississippi River and claimed the entire Mississippi Basin for France, naming it Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV. His expeditions and establishment of forts helped solidify French claims in the interior of North America.
12
Q
Quaker beliefs of George Fox and their reflection in the Pennsylvania colony:
A
- George Fox was the founder of the Quaker movement, also known as the Society of Friends.
- Quakers believed in the presence of an “inner light” or divine spark in every individual, rejecting the need for formal clergy and sacraments.
- They emphasized peace, equality, simplicity, and social justice, opposing war, slavery, and hierarchical social structures.
- Pennsylvania, founded by William Penn, a Quaker, embraced these principles, becoming a haven for Quakers and promoting religious tolerance and democratic governance.
13
Q
Provisions, goals, and results of the Navigation Acts of 1651, 1660, 1663, and 1696:
A
- The Navigation Acts were a series of British laws that regulated colonial trade to benefit the British economy.
- Provisions included requiring colonists to trade only with British or colonial ships, using British ports for imports and exports, and providing certain goods exclusively to England.
- The goals were to ensure England’s dominance in trade, control colonial economic activities, and generate revenue for the British Crown.
- The Acts led to increased smuggling, resentment among colonists, and economic restrictions that limited colonial growth and independence.
14
Q
Results of King Philip’s War:
A
- King Philip’s War (1675-1676) was a conflict between Native American tribes, led by Metacom (King Philip), and New England colonists.
- The war resulted in heavy casualties on both sides and widespread devastation in colonial towns and Native American villages.
- Native American resistance was ultimately crushed, leading to the loss of tribal lands and a significant decline in Native American power and influence in the region.
15
Q
Results of Bacon’s Rebellion:
A
- Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) was an armed uprising in colonial Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley’s administration.
- The rebellion was fueled by grievances related to Native American attacks, lack of representation, and perceived corruption.
- Although the rebellion was eventually suppressed, it highlighted the political and social tensions in the colony and led to increased recognition of the need for political reforms and protection against Native American attacks.
16
Q
Dominion of New England and its establishment and dissolution:
A
- The Dominion of New England (1686-1689) was a royal province created by King James II to strengthen his control over the New England colonies.
- The Dominion united several colonies under the rule of Governor Edmund Andros and sought to enforce British authority, restrict colonial autonomy, and enforce the Navigation Acts.
- However, the Dominion faced opposition from colonists who resented the loss of self-governance and the imposition of unpopular policies.
- It was dissolved in 1689 following the Glorious Revolution in England, which resulted in the removal of James II from the throne.
17
Q
Results and potential explanations for the outbreak of witchcraft in Salem:
A
- The Salem witch trials occurred in 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts, during a time of religious fervor and social tensions.
- The trials resulted in the execution of 20 individuals accused of witchcraft.
- The outbreak has been attributed to a combination of factors, including societal anxieties, religious extremism, social divisions, economic conflicts, and mass hysteria.
18
Q
Results of the Great Awakening:
A
- The Great Awakening (1730-1750) was a religious revival movement that swept through the American colonies.
- It emphasized personal conversion, emotional preaching, and direct spiritual experiences.
- The movement led to increased religious fervor, the rise of new denominations, the spread of evangelicalism, and a greater emphasis on individualism and religious freedom.
19
Q
Results of the Stono Uprising:
A
- The Stono Uprising (1739) was a slave rebellion in South Carolina.
- Slaves from the Stono River area revolted and attempted to escape to Spanish Florida, killing several whites in the process.
- The uprising resulted in stricter slave codes, tighter control over slave activities, and heightened fears among white slaveholders of future rebellions.
20
Q
Restrictions placed on early colonists in Georgia:
A
- In early Georgia, restrictions were imposed to create a disciplined and economically productive colony.
- Prohibitions included bans on slavery, rum, and large landholdings, and strict regulations on trade.
- These restrictions aimed to establish a model colony focused on small-scale farming, moral behavior, and defense against Spanish threats.
21
Q
John Peter Zenger’s influence on freedom of the press in the English colonies:
A
- John Peter Zenger was a German-American printer and journalist in colonial New York.
- His trial in 1735 for criticizing the colonial governor in his newspaper played a significant role in establishing freedom of the press.
- Zenger’s acquittal by a jury, despite the fact that he had violated seditious libel laws, set a precedent for the principle of truth as a defense against libel accusations and contributed to the expansion of press freedom.
22
Q
Albany Plan and why it was opposed by both colonists and British officials:
A
- The Albany Plan of Union was proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 during the French and Indian War.
- It aimed to create a unified colonial government for defense and Indian affairs.
- The plan was opposed by both colonists and British officials because the colonists feared it would infringe upon their individual rights and autonomy, while the British officials saw it as granting too much power to the colonies.
