Unit 1, Chapter 5 Flashcards
triglycerides
1 Molecule of fat
the two types of triglycerides are
saturated and unsaturated
Name the four types of organic molecules
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
Proteins are
polymers of amino acids
polymers are made of up subunits called
monomers
this is this the process that combines amino acids to make proteins
dehydration synthesis
amino acids are made of these three groups
amine group, carboxyl group and a R group
what is dehydration synthesis?
the process of building larger molecules from smaller molecules by removing the H20
explain hydrolysis
when one combines two molecules of amino acids by adding water
How do you draw an amino acid?
a
These are the three different types of carbohydrates
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
glucose is a ____saccharide
mono
draw a linear glucose molecule
asdfg
these two substances are isomers
glucose and fructose
fructose is a ____saccharide
mono
Isomers have
the same formula as but different structure
How do plants make glucose?
photosynthesis
This is how plants release stored energy
cellular respiration
Where do plants break down their glucose
Mitochondria
define disaccharides
covalent bonds between two monomers by dehydration (with glysosidic linkage)
lactose is made of
glucose and galactose
maltrose is made of
glucose and glucose
sucrose is made of
glucose and fructose
define polysaccharides
glucose linked together
why is water so soluble?
there are so many OH (
this is the process to combine sugars?
dehydration synthesis
this is the process to cut up sugars
hydrolysis
Cellulose is also known as
fiber/roughage
protein catalyst
enzymes
every reaction in your body is helped by these
enzymes
Cellulose is made for energy storage in
plants
no animal on earth can digest this
cellulose
If a hydroxyl is above the ring it is considered to be a
Beta glucose
if a hydroxyl is below the ring it is considered to be an
alpha glucose
This is another type of carb that makes exoskeleton in bugs
chitin
starch is an
alpha glucose
this is a characteristic of a lipid
it’s hydrophobic
Lipids are all composed of
C, H, O atoms
Cholesterol is an example of a
steroid
Why do we need cholesterol?
creates cell membrane, sex hormones are made of cholesterol hormones
These are the three steroids for bond’s sex hormones
estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.
1 triglyceride molecule is made up of
1 glycerol molecule and three fatty acid chains
to much saturated fats can cause this disease
artheroschlerosis
