Unit 1 - Chapter 4 ATP and Energy Transfer Flashcards
Respiration occurs in every
living cell
Some cells need more ATP as they are more active such as
muscle cells
ATP is a
short term transferable store of chemical energy
ATP is required for most cell process such as
active transport, glycolysis and unzipping DNA
ATP is synthesized or regenerated from
ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi)
There is a constant supply of ATP in a cell because
it is synthesized as fast as it is used.
How many carbons in Glucose?
6
In the cytoplasm Glycolysis breaks down a 6C glucose molecule into
two 3C pyruvic acid molecules
How many carbons are there in pyruvic acid?
3
How many ATPs are required to start Glycolysis?
2
How many ATPs are produced in Glycolysis?
4
What is the net gain of ATP molecules from Glycolysis?
2 ATP molecules
Hydrogen is released during Glycolysis and reduces the co-enzyme
NAD to give NADH2
Glycolysis does not require
oxygen
Oxygen is required for
The Kreb’s Cycle and the Cytochrome system
The Krebs cycle occurs in the
matrix of the mitochondrion
In the Krebs Cycle 3C pyruvic acid is converted to
2C Acetyl Co A with waste CO2
How many carbons is there in Acetyl Co A?
2
The 2C Acetyl Co A combines with a
4C compound to make citric acid
Citric Acid is how many carbons?
6
Citric Acid is formed when what two substances join?
2C Acetyl Co A and a 4C compound join
6C citric acid is converted into a
5C compound releasing CO2 again
This 5C compound is then converted back into a
4C compound
At each loss of carbon around the Krebs cycle, what are released?
CO2 and Hydrogen
The hydrogen released reduces the co-enzyme
NAD to give NADH2
The reduced co-enzyme NADH2 carries hydrogen to the
cytochrome system
The cytochrome system is located on the
cristae of the mitochondrion
The cristae are
folds of the inner membrane
The cristae give a large surface area for the
cytochrome carrier molecules
Active cells such as muscle cells have lots of
cristae on their many mitochondria
Energy is released as electrons from
hydrogen
The electrons released from hydrogen are passed from one carrier to the next in the
cytochrome system
The released energy is used to synthesise
ATP from ADP + Pi
The final hydrogen acceptor is
oxygen
Hydrogen and oxygen combine to produce
Water which is released
All chemical reactions in respiration are controlled by
enzymes
If oxygen is not available after glycolysis then
anaerobic respiration takes place
Anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and converts 3C pyruvic acid into
3C Latic Acid
With Anaerobic respiration per glucose molecule how many ATP are produced?
2 ATPs per glucose molecule
For one molecule of Glucose how many ATP are produced in aerobic respiration?
38 ATP
How many ATP are produced in Glycolysis?
4 ATP
What is the net gain of ATP produced in Glycolysis?
2 ATP
How many ATP are produced from 1 molecule of Pyruvic acid ?
18 ATP
How many ATP are produced from both molecules of Pyruvic acid?
36 ATP
