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PHARMACOLOGY 2 LEC > UNIT 1: CHAPTER 2: ANTIANGINAL DRUGS > Flashcards

UNIT 1: CHAPTER 2: ANTIANGINAL DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE (IHD) aka

A

Aka: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

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2
Q

Is a type of heart disease that develops when the arteries of the heart cannot deliver oxygen-rich blood to the heart thereby, insufficient oxygenated blood reaches the myocardial cells.

A

ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE (IHD)

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3
Q

Is a form of paroxysmal chest pain that is felt beneath the sternum, and commonly radiates down the left arm and/or shoulder. It can also radiate or originate in the neck or upper back.

A

Angina Pectoris

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4
Q

Decreased oxygenation of myocardium but the cells are still viable.

A

Ischemia

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5
Q

Tissue death (necrosis) due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area

A

Infarction

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6
Q

Causes of Angina Pectoris

A

1.Obstructiontocoronaryflow(atheromatous,classic angina).
2. Spasm(variantangina).
3. Others:Hypovolemia,anemia

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7
Q

Blood clot sticking to coronary arteries

A

Thrombosis

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8
Q

Stable Angina aka

A

•Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris (CSAP)
•Effort Angina
• Exertional Angina
• Classic Angina
• Typical Angina

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9
Q

Pain is often described as tightness, heaviness, or pressure- like feeling on the chest (not a sharp pain).

A

Stable Angina

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10
Q

Lasts about 2-5 minutes and can be relieved by sublingual nitrates.

A

Stable angina

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11
Q

Patients place a clenched fist over their sternum when describing their symptoms

A

Levine Sign

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12
Q

Most common form of angina (approx. 90%)

A

Stable Angina

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13
Q

Occurs most frequently in the morning.

A

Stable angina

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14
Q

Common triggers of Stable angina

A
  1. Exertion
  2. Emotional stress
  3. Exposure to cold or hot/humid environment
  4. Eating a heavy meal
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15
Q

Variant angina aka

A

• Vasospastic Angina
• Prinzmetal Angina

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16
Q

Coronary artery vasospasm (endothelial dysfunction/ damage or smooth muscle hyperactivity.

A

Vasospastic Angina

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17
Q

Unstable angina aka

A

• Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
• Rest Angina

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18
Q

Often degenerates to Myocardial Infarction.

A

Unstable angina

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19
Q

A sudden increase in severity, frequency, and duration of pain of ischemic episode.

A

Unstable angina

20
Q

Causes of Unstable Angina

A
  1. Coronary thrombosis
  2. Rupture of
    atherosclerotic plaque (complete blockade)
21
Q

Decreased by Nitrates

A

Venodilation

22
Q

Amount of blood present in ventricles prior contraction

A

Preload

23
Q

Increases by nitrates and CCBs

A

Arteriodilators

24
Q

Decreased by N-blockers and some CCB’s

A

•NON - DHP
• Verapamil
• Diltiazem

25
Q

a surgical procedure used to treat coronary heart disease.

A

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery

26
Q

Nitrates/Nitrovasodilators effects

A
  1. Selective Venodilation (low doses)
  2. Arteriodilation (high doses)
27
Q

Only nitrite compound used to treat angina.

A

Amyl Nitrite

28
Q

Volatile liquid administered by inhalation.

A

Amyl Nitrite

29
Q

Most rapid onset (in 30 sec.) and has the shortest DOA.

A

Amyl Nitrite

30
Q

▪ Treatment of acute angina attacks.
▪ Initial treatment of cyanide poisoning.

A

Amyl Nitrite

31
Q

▪ Sublingual → acute angina attacks
▪ Oral (SR) and transdermal → prevention of angina attacks
▪ Intravenous → AHF associated with angina and MI

A

Nitroglycerin

32
Q

Sublingual & oral for both preventive and treatment of angina attacks

A

ISDN (Isosorbide dinitrate)

33
Q

Beta Blockers drugs

A

• ATENOLOL
• PROPRANOLOL
• METOPROLOL

34
Q

Brand name of ATENOLOL

A

Tenormin

35
Q

Brand name of PROPRANOLOL

A

Inderal

36
Q

Brand name of METOPROLOL

A

Lopressor

37
Q

Only used in the maintenance therapy and prophylaxis of exertional angina

A

Beta Blockers

38
Q

Prevent reflex tachycardia

A

Beta Blockers

39
Q

Increases patient survival after MI

A

Beta Blockers

40
Q

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS drugs

A

Non-DHP CCBs ( Non-dihydropyridine )
•Diltiazem
•Verapamil

41
Q

DHP (Dihydropyridine) CCBs drugs

A

nifedipine, isradipine, felodipine, nicardipine, nisoldipine, lacidipine, amlodipine, and levamlodipine

42
Q

Brand name of Ranolazine

A

Ranexa

43
Q

Brand name of Trimetazidine

A

•Vestar
• Vastarel

44
Q

Inhibits ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, the key enzyme in the beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acid metabolism.

A

Trimetazidine

45
Q

The effect of this drug is the reduction of fatty acid oxidation evokes compensatory increase in glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolism reduces oxygen consumption by 20%.

A

Trimetazidine

46
Q

Blocks the pathological activation or prolongation of the late inward sodium current (INa-L) in heart cells that leads to excessive intracellular sodium and calcium accumulation. Increase in intracellular calcium can lead to mechanical dysfunction, abnormal contraction and relaxation, electrical instability, afterdepolarizations, and arrhythmia.

A

Ranolazine

47
Q

It has shown to increases exercise capacity in patients with angina resulting to fewer anginal symptoms and decreased need for NTG use.

A

Ranolazine

PHARMACOLOGY 2 LEC (2 decks)

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