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PHARMACOLOGY 2 LEC > UNIT 1: CHAPTER 1: ANTI HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS > Flashcards

UNIT 1: CHAPTER 1: ANTI HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Used in the management of EDEMA associated with cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine abnormalities, as well as in the treatment of HTN, glaucoma, and other several disease conditions

A

Diuretics

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2
Q

Site of Action of Diuretics

A

Nephron

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3
Q

Increased urine production

A

Diuresis

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4
Q

Increased excretion of K+ in the urine

A

Kaliuresis

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5
Q

Increased excretion of Na+ in the urine

A

Natriuresis

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6
Q

Main reabsorption site for HCO3- (85%), Na+ (40%), organic solutes, glucose, amino acids.

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

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7
Q

WATER is permeable.

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

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8
Q

Site of Action of Proximal Convoluted Tubule

A

• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
• Osmotic Diuretics
• Methylxanthines - Caffeine

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9
Q

• Reabsorption of Na+ (5-10%)
• WATER is impermeable.

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

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10
Q

Site of Action of Distal Convoluted Tubule

A

Thiazide Diuretics

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11
Q

• Reabsorption of Na+ (3%)
• Excretion of K+ and H+

A

Collecting Duct

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12
Q

Site of Action of Collecting Duct

A

Site of action of:
1. Aldosterone (promotes Sodium
reabsorption).
2. ADH (Increases reabsorption of Sodium
in the collecting duct).
3. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS

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13
Q

• Thin Descending Limb
• Thick Ascending Limb

A

LOOP OF HENLE

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14
Q

Site of Action of Thin Descending Limb

A

Osmotic Diuretics

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15
Q

Site of action of Thick Ascending Limb

A

Loop Diuretics

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16
Q

• WATER is impermeable
• Reabsorption of Na+
(35%), Mg++, Ca++

A

Thick Ascending Limb

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17
Q

Brand Name of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE

A

Microzide

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18
Q

Brand Name of CHLORTHIAZIDE

A

Diuril

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19
Q

Brand name of CHLORTHALIDONE

A

Thalitone

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20
Q

Brand Name of INDAPAMIDE

A

Lozol

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21
Q

Brand name of METOLAZONE

A

Zaroxolyn

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22
Q

MOA: Promotes the inhibition of Na+,Cl- symporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron

A

Thiazide Diuretics

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23
Q

Effects of Thiazide Diuretics

A

▪ Diuretic
▪ Natriuretic
▪ Kaliuretic
▪ Retains Calcium

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24
Q

particularly in patients with inadequate dietary Potassium

A

Hypokalemia

25
Q

Sulfonamide-associated adverse effects

A

• Dermatologic
• Hematologic

26
Q

Metabolic Effects of Thiazide diuretics

A

• Hyperglycemia (Decreased insulin sensitivity)
• Hyperuricemia (Inhibition of uric acid excretion)
• Hyperlipidemia

27
Q

MOA:
Promotes the inhibition of Na+, K+ , 2Cl- symporter in the thick ascending limb of Loop of Henle of the nephron.

A

Loop Diuretics

28
Q

Brand Name of Furosemide

A

Lasix

29
Q

Brand name of Torsemide

A

Demadex

30
Q

Brand name of Ethacrynic acid

A

Edecrin

31
Q

Effects of Loop Diuretics

A

Effects:
▪ Diuretic
▪ Natriuretic
▪ Kaliuretic
▪ Hypomagnesemia ▪ Hypocalcemia

32
Q

Adverse effects of Loop Diuretics

A

• Hypokalemia
• Sulfonamide
• Metabolic effects
• Ototoxicity - affects cranial nerve

33
Q

Cause electrolyte imbalances

A

Loop diuretic - Drastic Diuretic effect

34
Q

Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists

A

Spironolactone
Eplerinone

35
Q

Epithelial Sodium-channel (ENaC) Inhibitors

A

• Triamterene
• Amiloride

36
Q

Brand name of SPIRONOLACTONE

A

Aldactone, Carospir

37
Q

Brand name of EPLERINONE

A

Inspra

38
Q

Brand name of TRIAMTERENE

A

Dyrenium

39
Q

Brand name of AMILORIDE

A

Midamor

40
Q

MOA: Structural analogs of aldosterone that competitively blocks aldosterone binding sites in the collecting duct.

A

Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists

41
Q

Blocks the entry of Sodium in collecting ducts

A

Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists

42
Q

Effects of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

A

• Diuretic
• Natriuretic
• Decreased Kaliuresis

43
Q

Cause more natriuresis than thiazide

A

Loop Diuretics

44
Q

Favorable with patients with osteoporosis as comorbidity.

A

Thiazide diuretics

45
Q

Weak/low natriuretic effect.

A

Potassium Sparing Diuretics

46
Q

It Inhibits the enzyme, Carbonic Anhydrase (CA).

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

47
Q

First Sulfonamide-derived diuretics

A

• ACETAZOLAMIDE
• DORZOLAMIDE
• BRINZOLAMIDE
• DICHLOROPHENAMIDE

48
Q

Brand name of ACETAZOLAMIDE

A

Diamox

49
Q

Brand name of DORZOLAMIDE

A

Trusopt

50
Q

Brand name of BRINZOLAMIDE

A

Azopt

51
Q

Brand name of DICHLOROPHENAMIDE

A

Keveyis

52
Q

Adverse effects of CA

A

• Metabolic Acidosis
• Sulfonamide-Associated

53
Q

Brand name of Mannitol

A

Osmitrol

54
Q

Brand name of Glycerol

A

Fleet

55
Q

Creates an osmotic gradient at the water-permeable regions of the nephron (PCT and thin descending limb)

A

Osmotic Diuretics

56
Q

Management of cerebral edema

A

Osmotic Diuretics

57
Q

Management of glaucoma

A

Osmotic Diuretic

58
Q

Adverse effects of Osmotic Diuretics

A
  1. Dehydration
  2. Hypovolemia with the possibility of hypernatremia.

PHARMACOLOGY 2 LEC (2 decks)

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