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Science, Technology, and Society > UNIT 1-CHAPTER 1&2: Intro to Science & Intellectual Revolution > Flashcards

UNIT 1-CHAPTER 1&2: Intro to Science & Intellectual Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

scientia means

A

to know

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2
Q

it is an ongoing process in unveiling the truth about the natural world

A

Science

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3
Q

Goals in Science

A

DESCRIBE phenomenon
PREDICT whether the event may occur again in a certain situation
EXPLAIN the causes of such events

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4
Q

2 Branches of Science

A

Natural Science

Social Science

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5
Q

3 Branches of Natural Science

A

Biology
Physical Science
Earth Science

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6
Q

3 Branches of Social Science

A

Psychology
Sociology
Political Science

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7
Q

3 Branches of Biology

A

Botany
Zoology
Ecology

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8
Q

it studies living things

A

Biology

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9
Q

it studies non-living things

A

Physical Science

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10
Q

it studies the earth and the system in space

A

Earth Science

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11
Q

it studies society and its relationships

A

Sociology

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12
Q

it studies the government and how it works

A

Political Science

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13
Q

Branches of Physical Science

A

Physics

Chemistry

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14
Q

Branches of Earth Science

A

Geology
Meteorology
Astronomy

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15
Q

it deals with the earth and its structure, composition, and processes

A

Geology

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16
Q

It studies elements and its properties, behavior, and composition

A

Chemistry

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17
Q

it studies the events outside the atmosphere

A

Astronomy

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18
Q

it deals with the weather by studying the events occurring in the atmosphere

A

Meteorology

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19
Q

It focuses on topics about energy, motion, and force

A

Physics

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20
Q

study of knowledge, its nature, origin, and limits

A

Epistemology

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21
Q

episteme means

A

knowledge

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22
Q

knowledge of facts

A

Propositional Knowledge

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23
Q

uses formal systems to acquire knowledge; it assures absolute certainty

A

Formal Science

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24
Q

systematic process to answer queries and solve issues

A

Scientific method

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25
Q

Who said knowledge is equal to truth or as the Justified True Belief

A

Tripartite

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26
Q

Who contested the idea of Tripartite?

A

Edmund L. Gettier with his Gettier Case

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27
Q

it is the act of having confidence on a matter that could be true or false?

A

Believing

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28
Q

knowledge gained through experience

A

Personal Knowledge

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29
Q

aka know-hows

A

Procedural Knowledge

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30
Q

it applies scientific concepts to create or design new things through engineering

A

Technology

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31
Q

it utilizes latest devices to discover new things

A

Science

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32
Q

GMO means

A

Genetically Modified Organisms

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33
Q

it is the process wherein an electron absorbs a photon and is then elated

A

excitation

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34
Q

are the experts that teaches in the Sumerian civilization

A

Ummia

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35
Q

stone tools used in the stone age for gathering resources

A

Oldowan

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36
Q

a sophisticated culture first discovered in Sumer

A

Civilization

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37
Q

a writing system using pictographic symbols

A

Cuneiform

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38
Q

Age wherein people smelt copper with tin to make durable tools

A

Bronze Age

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39
Q

a region of Iraq where Sumer is situated

A

Mesopotamia

40
Q

during which empire was 3D sculpture made

A

Akkadian Empire

41
Q

Characteristics of a Civilization

A 
Advanced Cities
Specialized Workers
Complex institutions
Record Keeping
Advanced technologies
42
Q

it is the record of Sumerian’s yearly cycle of agricultural activities

A

Farmer’s almanac

43
Q

schools in Sumer but is not compulsory

A

Edubba

44
Q

set of rules to be followed by the unified people during the fall of Akkadian Empire

A

Hammurabi’s Code

45
Q

form of medicine originating in India

A

Ayurveda

46
Q

civilization which developed geometry and alchemy research

A

Egyptian Civilization

47
Q

became the trade center during Hammurabi’s rule

A

Babylon

48
Q

overthrew Babylonian Empire

A

Assyrians

49
Q

first to introduce heliocentric theory (Sun-centered)

A

Aristarchus of Samos

50
Q

the one who said there are 4 elements: earth, fire, water, and air

A

Empedocles of Agrigente

51
Q

Father of Zoology

A

Aristotle

52
Q

He proposed the theories on atomism.

A

Leucippus of Miletus

53
Q

wrote Almagest and created the Geocentric model

A

Claudius Ptolemy

54
Q

5 major point on Atomic Theory and by whom is it

A

Democritus of Abdera

  1. All matter is made from atoms.
  2. There is a void/space between atoms.
  3. Atoms are completely solid.
  4. Atoms are homogenous and have no internal structure.
  5. Atoms vary in sizes.
55
Q

father of experimental Science

A

Galileo Galilei

56
Q

Father of Empiricism and developed scientific method

A

Francis Bacon

57
Q

people who discovered functions and decimal board

A

Chinese Civilization

58
Q

books by romans

A

Codex

59
Q

Father of Modern Western Science; Analytic Geometry

A

Rene Descartes

60
Q

He was the person behind the ideas of differential Calculus

A

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibinz

61
Q

invented printing press

A

Johannes Guttenberg

62
Q

proves the heliocentric theory

A

Nicholas Copernicus

63
Q

The time when globalization through overseas exploration started.

A

Age of Exploration

64
Q

CRISPR meaning

A

Clustered Regular Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

65
Q

discovered law of gravitation, motion, as well as the Corpuscular Theory

A

Sir Isaac Newton

66
Q

first woman to receive professorship and researched on Franklin Electricity

A

Laura Bassi

67
Q

coined the term Radioactivity

A

Marie Curie

68
Q

man behind the Nobel Prize

A

Alfred Nobel

69
Q

created the Periodic table of Elements

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

70
Q

age wherein people don’t rely on old texts and instead do research

A

Age of Reason

71
Q

made the steam engine

A

James Watt

72
Q

Invented the mercury-filled thermometer

A

Gabriel Fahrenheit

73
Q

coined the term Scientist in 1833

A

William Whewell

74
Q

35P/Herschel-Rigollet was named after her

A

Caroline Herschel

75
Q

who discovered the Coulumb’s Law or the electrical force between charges

A

Charles Coulumb

76
Q

those who discovered helical structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

James Watson
Francis Crick
Mauris Wilkins
Rosalind Franklin

77
Q

person behind modern computers, AI, CAPTCHA, Turing Test

A

Alan Turing

78
Q

monolayer carbon with promising quantum electrical properties

A

graphene

79
Q

Steps in (Thomas) Kuhn’s Cycle

A

Prescience

  1. Normal Science
  2. Model Drift
  3. Model Crisis
  4. Model Revolution
  5. Paradigm Shift
80
Q

paradeigma means

A

pattern or example

81
Q

extreme revolution which leads to the addition or replacement of old conceptual world view

A

Paradigm Shift

82
Q

In Kuhn’s cycle what stage is it when the model fails to solve the issue

A

Model Crisis

83
Q

certainty is not absolute since this uses experiences and senses

A

Empirical Science

84
Q

Civilizations in the Ancient Ages that contibuted to Science revolution

A 
Sumerian
Akkadian
Babylonian
Assyrian
Egyptian
indian
Chinese
Greek&Romans
85
Q

Greek philosophers with science contribution

A
  1. Empedocles of Agrigente
  2. Democritus of Abdera
  3. Leucippus of Miletus
  4. Claudius Ptolemy
  5. Aristarchus of Samos
  6. Aristotle
86
Q

Renaissance: People who contributed to science

A
  1. Nicholas Oresme
  2. Johannes Guttenberg
  3. Nicholas Copernicus
  4. Johannes Kepler
  5. Galileo Galilei
  6. Rene Descartes
  7. Francis Bacon
  8. Tycho Brahe
  9. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibinz
87
Q

18th Century: People who contributed to science

A
  1. Sir Isaac Newton
  2. Charles Coulumb
  3. James Watt
  4. Gabriel Fahrenheit
  5. Edmond Halley
  6. Antoine Lavoisier
  7. Caroline Herschel
  8. Laura Bassi
88
Q

19th Century: People who contributed to science

A
  1. William Whewell
  2. Alessandra Volta
  3. Charles Darwin
  4. Louis Pasteur
  5. Dmitri Mendeleev
  6. Nikola Tesla
  7. Alfred Nobel
89
Q

20th century: People who contributed to science

A
  1. Marie Curie
  2. Albert Einstein
  3. Jonas Salk
  4. James Watson
  5. Francis Crick
  6. Mauris Wilkins
  7. Rosalind Franklin
  8. Alan Turing
  9. Tu Youyou
90
Q

After the fall of Roman Empire in the 5th century, what event occurred?

A

Dark Ages of Science

91
Q

occurred due to growth of population and increased demands of supplies

A

Industrial Revolution

92
Q

first wave of technology which focused on food

A

Agricultural Revolution

93
Q

waves of succession in changes of human civilization across history

A

Wave of Technology

94
Q

aka computer age; driven by rise of dynamic new industries based on scientific knowledge and manipulative abilities through the use of computers.

A

Information Revolution

95
Q

stage of the Kuhn’s Cycle where many people cooperate to resolve issues and create a new model

A

Model Revolution

Science, Technology, and Society (5 decks)

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