Unit 1 - Chapter 1

Question 1

Define anatomy

Answer 1

The Study of Form

Question 2

Define Physiology

Answer 2

The study of function

Question 3

Structural hierarchy from largest to smallest

Answer 3

Organ System, Organ, Tissue, Cells, Organells, Molecules, atom

Question 4

Define Organ Systems

Answer 4

Group of organs that work together to complete a specific task or function

Question 5

Organ

Answer 5

Group of tissue that work together to complete a task or function

Question 6

Tissue

Answer 6

Group of cells that have similar structure that are joined together

Question 7

Cell

Answer 7

smallest unit of life – the basis of all living things

Question 8

Organelle

Answer 8

Substructure of the cell with specific tasks or jobs to perform

Question 9

Molecule

Answer 9

Smallest unit of chemical compounds, a group of atoms bunched together

Question 10

Atom

Answer 10

The smallest part of a substance—cannot be broken down. Chemistries basic unit

Question 11

Metabolism

Answer 11

ALL chemical reactions in the body i.e. Food into energy

Question 12

Excretion

Answer 12

Eliminating toxins and waste from body i.e. Bowel movements, urination

Question 13

Growth

Answer 13

organisms increase in size due to the increase of the quantity and size of its cells i.e. muscle growth

Question 14

Movement

Answer 14

position changes within an organism through contraction/relaxation of muscles i.e. walking, running

Question 15

Differentiation/Maturation

Answer 15

training of a generic cell to have a more specialized function, until it reaches is max potential and cannot further develop

Question 16

Responsiveness

Answer 16

recognizing a change or stimulus > processing and understanding the information > taking action to make change.

Question 17

Irritability

Answer 17

response to stimuli with anger or frustration (even to minor stressors)

Question 18

Excitability

Answer 18

response to stimulus with by generating rapid electrical response (action potential) allowing the cell to transmit information

Question 19

Reproduction

Answer 19

organisms create new, genetically similar individuals

Question 20

Evolution/Adaption

Answer 20

genetic changes over time that emerge new traits to better suit organisms’ environments

Question 21

Respiration

Answer 21

oxygen is taken in by cells to produce energy, carbon dioxide Is expelled out.

Question 22

Secretion

Answer 22

when a cell produces and releases specific substances outside of the cell or into the bloodstream

Question 23

Absorption

Answer 23

digested nutrients are broken down by the body to be utilized for energy, cell repair, and growth

Question 24

Circulation

Answer 24

delivering oxygen and nutrients to a cell, while simultaneously removing the waste products

Question 25

Homeostasis

Answer 25

the body’s ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it and thereby maintain relative stability

Question 26

Stress

Answer 26

pressure, strain or tension resulting from adverse circumstances

Question 27

Describe how the endocrine system regulates homeostasis

Answer 27

Secreting hormones into the blood stream that cause change

Question 28

Describe how the nervous system regulates homeostasis

Answer 28

monitoring internal conditions and sending signals for change, signaling the bodies reaction

Question 29

Describe cardiovascular system regulates homeostasis

Answer 29

delivering oxygen and nutrients, removing waste, adjusting blood flow to tissues based on their current needs.

Question 30

Negative Feedback Mechanism

Answer 30

Allows for dynamic equilibrium within a limited range around a set point (loss of homeostatic control leads to illness or death)

Question 31

Examples of Negative Feedback

Answer 31

BP, Blood Sugar

Question 32

Positive Feedback Mechanism

Answer 32

Closed chain of cause and effect, intensifies the effects of small disturbance to achieve a desired outcome

Question 33

Examples of Positive Feedback

Answer 33

Uterine Contractions, Blood coagulation