Unit 1 - Chapter 1 Flashcards
Define anatomy
The Study of Form
Define Physiology
The study of function
Structural hierarchy from largest to smallest
Organ System, Organ, Tissue, Cells, Organells, Molecules, atom
Define Organ Systems
Group of organs that work together to complete a specific task or function
Organ
Group of tissue that work together to complete a task or function
Tissue
Group of cells that have similar structure that are joined together
Cell
smallest unit of life – the basis of all living things
Organelle
Substructure of the cell with specific tasks or jobs to perform
Molecule
Smallest unit of chemical compounds, a group of atoms bunched together
Atom
The smallest part of a substance—cannot be broken down. Chemistries basic unit
Metabolism
ALL chemical reactions in the body i.e. Food into energy
Excretion
Eliminating toxins and waste from body i.e. Bowel movements, urination
Growth
organisms increase in size due to the increase of the quantity and size of its cells i.e. muscle growth
Movement
position changes within an organism through contraction/relaxation of muscles i.e. walking, running
Differentiation/Maturation
training of a generic cell to have a more specialized function, until it reaches is max potential and cannot further develop
Responsiveness
recognizing a change or stimulus > processing and understanding the information > taking action to make change.
Irritability
response to stimuli with anger or frustration (even to minor stressors)
Excitability
response to stimulus with by generating rapid electrical response (action potential) allowing the cell to transmit information
Reproduction
organisms create new, genetically similar individuals
Evolution/Adaption
genetic changes over time that emerge new traits to better suit organisms’ environments
Respiration
oxygen is taken in by cells to produce energy, carbon dioxide Is expelled out.
Secretion
when a cell produces and releases specific substances outside of the cell or into the bloodstream
Absorption
digested nutrients are broken down by the body to be utilized for energy, cell repair, and growth
Circulation
delivering oxygen and nutrients to a cell, while simultaneously removing the waste products
Homeostasis
the body’s ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it and thereby maintain relative stability
Stress
pressure, strain or tension resulting from adverse circumstances
Describe how the endocrine system regulates homeostasis
Secreting hormones into the blood stream that cause change
Describe how the nervous system regulates homeostasis
monitoring internal conditions and sending signals for change, signaling the bodies reaction
Describe cardiovascular system regulates homeostasis
delivering oxygen and nutrients, removing waste, adjusting blood flow to tissues based on their current needs.
Negative Feedback Mechanism
Allows for dynamic equilibrium within a limited range around a set point (loss of homeostatic control leads to illness or death)
Examples of Negative Feedback
BP, Blood Sugar
Positive Feedback Mechanism
Closed chain of cause and effect, intensifies the effects of small disturbance to achieve a desired outcome
Examples of Positive Feedback
Uterine Contractions, Blood coagulation
