unit 1 - changing populations

Question 1

core and periphery

Answer 1

core = developed –> urban
periphery = undeveloped –> rural

Question 2

demographic dividend

Answer 2

• economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population’s age structure
• mainly when the working-age population is larger than the non-working-age population

Question 3

demographic transition

Answer 3

the transition as a country develops from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates

Question 4

dependency ratios

Answer 4

a measure of the number of dependents aged zero to 14 and over the age of 65, compared with the total population aged 15 to 64

Question 5

development gap

Answer 5

difference in wealth between the developed world (north) and the developing world (south)

Question 6

emerging economies

Answer 6

countries with rapidly industrialising economies

Question 7

forced migration

Answer 7

• movement of people against their will
• can be due to political factors such as war or environmental factors such as flooding

Question 8

forced migration - syrian refugee crisis

Answer 8

• over 6.8 million displaced as refugees since 2011 civil war
• push factors: conflict, violence, human rights violations
• movement into neighboring countries: turkey, lebanon, jordan
• dire living conditions in refugee camps

Question 9

forced migration - sahel drought

Answer 9

• senegal, algeria, niger
• causes: rainfall variability (100 mm/year) and overcultivation
• impacts: crop failure, famine, soil erosion, migration

Question 10

gender equality policy

Answer 10

reduce social, economic or political power inequalities between women and men, ensuring that women benefit equally with men

Question 11

gender inequality index (GII)

Answer 11

measures gender inequality aspects of human development:

• reproductive health
• empowerment
• economic status

Question 12

megacity

Answer 12

describes a city with a population exceeding the threshold of 10 million

Question 13

migration

Answer 13

• movement of people, involving a permanent change of residence
• can be internal or external and voluntary or forced

Question 14

national migration

Answer 14

migration within the same country

Question 15

natural increase

Answer 15

the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths recorded over a specific period

Question 16

population density

Answer 16

number of people living within a specified area (Km2)

Question 17

population distribution

Answer 17

description of the way in which people are spread out across the Earth’s surface

Question 18

urban sprawl

Answer 18

uncontrolled expansion of an urban area into the surrounding countryside

Question 19

urbanisation

Answer 19

process by which an increasing percentage of a country’s population comes to live in towns and cities

Question 20

voluntary internal migration

Answer 20

• movement of people within their home country by choice
• usually for work or to improve their standard of living
• often from rural areas to urban areas