unit 1 - changing populations Flashcards
core and periphery
core = developed –> urban
periphery = undeveloped –> rural
demographic dividend
- economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population’s age structure
- mainly when the working-age population is larger than the non-working-age population
demographic transition
the transition as a country develops from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates
dependency ratios
a measure of the number of dependents aged zero to 14 and over the age of 65, compared with the total population aged 15 to 64
development gap
difference in wealth between the developed world (north) and the developing world (south)
emerging economies
countries with rapidly industrialising economies
forced migration
- movement of people against their will
- can be due to political factors such as war or environmental factors such as flooding
forced migration - syrian refugee crisis
- over 6.8 million displaced as refugees since 2011 civil war
- push factors: conflict, violence, human rights violations
- movement into neighboring countries: turkey, lebanon, jordan
- dire living conditions in refugee camps
forced migration - sahel drought
- senegal, algeria, niger
- causes: rainfall variability (100 mm/year) and overcultivation
- impacts: crop failure, famine, soil erosion, migration
gender equality policy
reduce social, economic or political power inequalities between women and men, ensuring that women benefit equally with men
gender inequality index (GII)
measures gender inequality aspects of human development:
- reproductive health
- empowerment
- economic status
megacity
describes a city with a population exceeding the threshold of 10 million
migration
- movement of people, involving a permanent change of residence
- can be internal or external and voluntary or forced
national migration
migration within the same country
natural increase
the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths recorded over a specific period
population density
number of people living within a specified area (Km2)
population distribution
description of the way in which people are spread out across the Earth’s surface
urban sprawl
uncontrolled expansion of an urban area into the surrounding countryside
urbanisation
process by which an increasing percentage of a country’s population comes to live in towns and cities
voluntary internal migration
- movement of people within their home country by choice
- usually for work or to improve their standard of living
- often from rural areas to urban areas