unit 1 - changing populations Flashcards

1
Q

core and periphery

A

core = developed –> urban
periphery = undeveloped –> rural

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2
Q

demographic dividend

A
  • economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population’s age structure
  • mainly when the working-age population is larger than the non-working-age population
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3
Q

demographic transition

A

the transition as a country develops from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates

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4
Q

dependency ratios

A

a measure of the number of dependents aged zero to 14 and over the age of 65, compared with the total population aged 15 to 64

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5
Q

development gap

A

difference in wealth between the developed world (north) and the developing world (south)

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6
Q

emerging economies

A

countries with rapidly industrialising economies

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7
Q

forced migration

A
  • movement of people against their will
  • can be due to political factors such as war or environmental factors such as flooding
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8
Q

forced migration - syrian refugee crisis

A
  • over 6.8 million displaced as refugees since 2011 civil war
  • push factors: conflict, violence, human rights violations
  • movement into neighboring countries: turkey, lebanon, jordan
  • dire living conditions in refugee camps
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9
Q

forced migration - sahel drought

A
  • senegal, algeria, niger
  • causes: rainfall variability (100 mm/year) and overcultivation
  • impacts: crop failure, famine, soil erosion, migration
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10
Q

gender equality policy

A

reduce social, economic or political power inequalities between women and men, ensuring that women benefit equally with men

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11
Q

gender inequality index (GII)

A

measures gender inequality aspects of human development:

  • reproductive health
  • empowerment
  • economic status
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12
Q

megacity

A

describes a city with a population exceeding the threshold of 10 million

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13
Q

migration

A
  • movement of people, involving a permanent change of residence
  • can be internal or external and voluntary or forced
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14
Q

national migration

A

migration within the same country

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15
Q

natural increase

A

the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths recorded over a specific period

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16
Q

population density

A

number of people living within a specified area (Km2)

17
Q

population distribution

A

description of the way in which people are spread out across the Earth’s surface

18
Q

urban sprawl

A

uncontrolled expansion of an urban area into the surrounding countryside

19
Q

urbanisation

A

process by which an increasing percentage of a country’s population comes to live in towns and cities

20
Q

voluntary internal migration

A
  • movement of people within their home country by choice
  • usually for work or to improve their standard of living
  • often from rural areas to urban areas