Unit 1/Ch 1: Overview

Question 1

Child- and Family- Centered Practice

Answer 1

View the child as a person first, then as a diagnosis.

Question 2

Primary Implications of Client Centered Practice

Answer 2

• Assessment
• Team interaction
• Intervention
• Lifespan approach

Question 3

Comprehensive Evaluation

Answer 3

• Assessing participation and analyzing performance
• Ecologic assessment
• Evaluating context

Question 4

Assessing Participation and Analyzing Performance (comprehensive evaluation)

Answer 4

• Occupational profile.
• Assessment of performance
• Analyze performance.

Question 5

Ecologic Assessment (comprehensive evaluation)

Answer 5

How the environment influences performance.

Question 6

Evaluating Context (comprehensive evaluation)

Answer 6

Contexts in which the child learns, plays and interacts

Question 7

Effective Intervention

Answer 7

Interventions that engance childs performance

• Optimize Childs Engagement
• Provide “just right” challenge
• Establish a therapeutic relationship
• Provide adequate and appropriate intensity and reinforcement
• Adapting activities and modifying the environment
• Consulting, Education, and Advocating

Question 8

Optimize Child’s Engagement (effective intervention)

Answer 8

• Begin with the child’s interest.
• Invite the child to select and help design the activity.
• Pose a problem to be solved.
• Use meaningful whole tasks rather than repetition of single step tasks.

Question 9

Provide “just right” challenge (effective intervention)

Answer 9

-Matches the child’s development skills and interests.
-Provides a reasonable challenge to current
performance level.
-Engages and motivates the child.
-Can be mastered with the child’s focused effort.

Question 10

Establish a Therapeutic Relationship (effective intervention)

Answer 10

-Select an activity of interest that motivates the child and gives the child choices.
• Respect the child’s emotions.
• Convey positive regard toward the child.
• Attempt to connect with the child.
• Create a climate of trust and emotional safety.
• Promote child’s self actualization.

Question 11

Provide adequate and appropriate intensity and reinforcement (effective intervention)

Answer 11

• Repeated practice is required for skill attainment.
• Use natural positive reinforcement of effort.
• Use both intrinsic (child’s feeling of competence) and extrinsic (e.g., adult praise) feedback.

Question 12

Assistive Technology - Adapting Activities & Modifying the Environment (effective intervention)

Answer 12

• Consider the range of technology: Low to high tech.
• Assistive technology can promote function across occupational areas.
• Select devices that can be modified or adapted.
• Select devices that can grow with the child.
• Training, support, and follow-up with teachers and caregivers are essential.

Question 13

Modifying the Environment - Adapting Activities & Modifying the Environment (effective intervention)

Answer 13

• Requires high levels of collaboration.
• Requires ongoing evaluation of the impact on the child and others in the environment.
• Consider child’s sensory processing needs and level of arousal.
• Environment modification should have positive effect on the child and a neutral effect on others in the environment.

Question 14

Consulting, Education, and Advocating (effective intervention)

Answer 14

Consultation Services
-Roles of consultant
Education and Advocacy
-On behalf of children with disabilites
-System change on behalf of all children

Question 15

OT Services that Support Inclusion

Answer 15

• Early intervention services in the child’s natural environment.
• Inclusive services in schools.
• Flexible services delivery models.

Question 16

Cross-Cultural Competence

Answer 16

• Cultural diversity in the United States: Minority groups and Poverty.
• Influence of cultural practice on a child’s development of occupations: Cultural practices can influence skill development and choice of occupation.

Question 17

Examples of Guiding Questions: Cultural Values and Styles

Answer 17

• Who are the members of the family?
• Is there a hierarchy in the family based on gender or age?
• Who makes decisions for the family?
• Who is the primary caregiver?
• Do family members value independence?
• Are they reliant on each other?
• What are the cultural rules or norms about breast feeding, mealtime, self-feeding, eating certain foods?

Question 18

A Culturally- Competent Therapist

Answer 18

-Demonstrate an interest in understanding the family’s culture.
-Accepts and embraces diversity.
-Participates in traditions or cultural patterns of the
family.
-Inquires about family routines, cultural practice, traditions, and priorities.
-Integrates intervention recommendations into the family’s cultural practice

Question 19

Scientific Reasoning and Evidence-Based Practice

Answer 19

“The conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.”

Question 20

Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

Answer 20

1. Convert the need for information
   (about intervention effects, prognosis, therapy methods) into an answerable question.
2. Search the research databases using the terms in the research question and Track down the best evidence to answer that question
3. Critically appraise the evidence for its: Validity (truthfulness), Impact (level of effect), Clinical meaningfulness
4. Critically appraise the evidence for its applicability and usefulness to your practice.
5. Implement the practice or apply the information. Evaluate the process.

Question 21

Achieved when occupational therapists make careful decisions that reflect: (evidence-based practice)

Answer 21

• Their own experience and education.
• The child’s and family’s priorities.
• The research evidence.