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Nat 5 Biology Rosa > Unit 1 cell biology > Flashcards

Unit 1 cell biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cell ultrastructure

A

All the parts the make up the cell

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2
Q

What is the function of the cell wall

A

Protects and helps the cell to keep its shape

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3
Q

What is the function if the cell membrane

A

Controls what enters and exits the cell

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4
Q

What does selectively permeable mean

A

Only certain molecules can pass through

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5
Q

What is a chloroplast

A

Small green discs in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place

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6
Q

What is the cytoplasm

A

The jelly inside a cell where the organelles are found

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7
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

It contains genetic information

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8
Q

What is the function of ribosomes

A

The site of protein synthesis

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9
Q

What is the function of mitochondria

A

Site of aerobic respiration

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10
Q

What is organelle

A

Any part of the cell found in the cytoplasm

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11
Q

What is cellulose

A

The chemical that makes up plant cell walls

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12
Q

What is a vacuole

A

A structure found in the cytoplasm that contains cell sap

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13
Q

What are the four main cells

A

Animal, plant, bacteria and fungi

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14
Q

What cells is the cell wall present in

A

Plant fungus and bacteria

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15
Q

What cells is the cell membrane in

A

All four

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16
Q

What cells is the cytoplasm in

A

All four

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17
Q

What cells is mitochondria in

A

Animal, plant fungus

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18
Q

What cells are chloroplasts in

A

Plant

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19
Q

What cells have a vacuole

A

Plant and fungus

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20
Q

What cells have ribosomes

A

All four

21
Q

What cells have plasmids

A

Bacteria and sometimes fungus

22
Q

What cells have a nucleus

A

Animal plant and fungus

23
Q

What is the function of plasmids

A

Small circular DNA molecules that contain genes

24
Q

What is DNA

A

A molecule found in all life on earth

25
Q

What is genetic code

A

The sequence of bases on a DNA molecule that is different for all living things

26
Q

What does double stranded mean

A

Each DNA molecule is composed of two strands

27
Q

What are the four bases

A

Adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine

28
Q

What is a gene

A

A section of DNA that codes for a protein

29
Q

What is mRNA

A

A molecule which carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome

30
Q

Where do u find chromosomes

A

In the nucleus

31
Q

What does adenine pair with

A

Thymine

32
Q

What does cytosine pair with

A

Guanine

33
Q

What are proteins made from

A

Amino acids

34
Q

What is the first stage of protein production

A

A complementary copy of part of the DNA is made in the nucleus this is called messenger RNA

35
Q

What is the second stage of protein production

A

The mRNA travels to a ribosome to determine the order of amino acids used

36
Q

What are phospholipids

A

Molecules that make up the cell membrane with proteins

37
Q

What is passive transport

A

Movement of molecules that does not require energy

38
Q

What is a concentration gradient

A

When there is a difference in concentration on each side of a cell membrane

39
Q

What is diffusion

A

The movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

40
Q

What is osmosis

A

The movement of water from higher water concentration to lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

41
Q

What does turgid mean

A

A plant cell that has filled up with water

42
Q

What does plasmolysed mean

A

A plant cell that has shrunk as water moved out of it

43
Q

What is active transport

A

The movement of molecules and ions against the concentration gradient that requires energy

44
Q

What are cell membranes made from

A

Phospholipids and proteins

45
Q

Why are plant and animal cells effected differently by osmosis

A

Because animals don’t have a cell wall

46
Q

What happens when there is too much water in an animal cell

A

It bursts

47
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm

A

Where many chemical reactions happen including fermentation

48
Q

What is the function of the vacuole

A

A compartment of the cell that stores water and helps to keep the cell turgid

Nat 5 Biology Rosa (2 decks)

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