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History Yr11 > UNIT 1: Britain, Northern Ireland And Ireland > Flashcards

UNIT 1: Britain, Northern Ireland And Ireland Flashcards

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0
Q

What year was Stormont opened?

A

1932

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1
Q

Give the definition of Stormont?

A

The name given to the Northern Irish Parliament building

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2
Q

What is the name given to the Republic of Ireland Parliament?

A

Dail

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3
Q

What was Direct Rule?

A

The system by which Northern Ireland was ruled directly from Westminster

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4
Q

What is a Taoiseach?

A

The Irish Prime Minister

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5
Q

What year was Northern Ireland established? And by what Act or treaty?

A

It was established in 1921, by the 1920 Government of Ireland Act

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6
Q

What does the term, partitioned, mean? ( in terms of the establishment of NI )

A

It means to artificially separate a country or state

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7
Q

How did Unionists react to the New State in 1921? Why?

A

They were delighted. Especially with the power they would possess, in parliament, evident in the May 1921 elections.

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8
Q

How many seats did the Unionists win in the May 1921 Elections?

A

40 out of the 52 available

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9
Q

How did Nationalists react to the New State? Why?

A

They were very upset, as they wished to be a part of Ireland and ruled by the parliament in Dublin

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10
Q

What was the 1922 Special Powers Act?

A

An Act which allowed the government to arrest suspects without trial

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11
Q

Why was the 1922 Special Powers Act created and passed?

A

This was created to increase the NI government power in response to the increasing violence and tension between Unionists and Nationalists

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12
Q

Name 3 other political responses to weaken the threat of Nationalism after the Establishment of the New State?

A
  • Abolition of Proportional Representation
  • Gerrymandering
  • Allowing only those who paid rates to vote ( therefore mostly only wealthy Protestants could vote )
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13
Q

What is Gerrymandering?

A

The redrawing of electoral boundaries to suit that of a particular party or group

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14
Q

Name 3 ways in which discrimination was practised against Catholics after the Establishment of the New State?

A
  • Catholics given less houses by Unionist councils
  • Catholic housing built to poor standard
  • Catholics found it harder to find jobs
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15
Q

In what year did Brookborough resign from PM?

A

1963

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16
Q

Who replaced Brookborough as PM?

A

Terence O’Neill

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17
Q

What party was O’Neill a member of?

A

The OUP

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18
Q

Who was the other minister who most of the OUP wanted to have as the new PM, instead of O’Neill?

A

Brian Faulkner

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19
Q

O’Neill was not voted as PM, but instead chosen by the OUP party leader. True or False?

A

True

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20
Q

O’Neill was fully supported by his party, the OUP, throughout his reign. True or False?

A

False

21
Q

Name 6 Economic Reforms O’Neill tried make in the beginning of his reign?

A
  • Modernisation of road and railway network
  • Co-operation with the Irish Trades Union Congress
  • Establishment of economic council under Faulkner
  • Creation of Ministry of Development
  • New town between Lurgan and Portadown, called Craigavon
  • Development of new university at Coleraine
22
Q

Give 5 pieces of evidence to suggest O’Neill’s economic reforms at the beginning of his reign were successful?

A
  • New firms set up in NI, such as Goodyear
  • New Oil refinery in Belfast
  • 35,000 jobs created
  • New airport at Aldergrove
  • Construction of the motorway
23
Q

Give 5 pieces of evidence to suggest O’Neill’s new economic reforms at the beginning of his reign were failing?

A
  • Jobs didn’t go to West of the River Bann
  • Harland and Wolff was only kept afloat with Government grants
  • Unemployment in North West, highest in GB
  • 20,000 jobs lost in traditional industries
  • Unemployment averaged between 7-8%
24
Q

Give 3 pieces of evidence to suggest O’Neill’s economic reforms at the beginning of his reign only really favoured Protestants and Unionists?

A
  • Catholic/Nationalist Derry wanted the new university… Protestant/Unionist Coleraine got it instead
  • M1 only linked up Unionist areas
  • Unemployment higher West of Bann
25
Q

How much did O’Neill invest in to modernisation?

A

£900 million

26
Q

When did Lemass visit Stormont?

A

January 1965

27
Q

Who was Sean Lemass?

A

The Taoiseach

28
Q

Name 4 ways in which O’Neill tried to improve relations with Ulster’s Nationalist community?

A
  • Visiting Cardinal William Conway
  • Offering condolences to Catholics after death of Pope
  • Visiting Catholic schools and hospitals
  • Increasing funds for Catholic schools and hospitals
29
Q

How did Unionist react to O’Neill’s new policies between 1963 - 1967?

A

Mixed reactions, Some happy with reform, others worried these policies would undermine their position

30
Q

What leading Unionist figure emerged after O’Neill’s economic and political policies?

A

Reverend Ian Paisley

31
Q

Why did Ian Paisley object any links to the South?

A

Articles 2 and 3 in the Souths constitution laid claim to the whole of Ireland.

32
Q

Name 4 examples of Violent and Dividing reactions to O’Neill’s Policies between 1963 - 1967

A
  • Tensions increased
  • 2 Catholics died in May / June 1966
  • O’Neill banned UVF
  • O’Neill revealed plot to get rid of him as leader within his own party
33
Q

Name 3 examples of Nationalist reactions to O’Neill’s policies between 1963-1967?

A
  • Mixed reactions, initial support gave way due to frustration of a promised better future that never seemed to materialise
  • Catholic leaders reacted warmly to his reforms
  • O’Neill continued to be accused that his reforms favoured the Unionist East
34
Q

When was NICRA established?

A

Start of 1967 by Paddy Devlin

35
Q

Name 2 Influences and inspirations of NICRA?

A
  • Inspired by Martin Luther King

- Student demonstrations in France during 1968

36
Q

Name the 7 aims of NICRA ( PROFFED )

A
  • Prevent discrimination in allocation of Government jobs
  • Remove Special Powers Act
  • One man one vote
  • Fair allocation of housing
  • Formal Complaints procedure
  • End gerrymandering
  • Disband B Specials
37
Q

Name 5 groups which supported the group NICRA?

A
  • New generation of Catholics
  • Liberals
  • Academics
  • Communists
  • Trade Unionists
38
Q

Give 4 reasons as to why people supported NICRA?

A
  • Catholics growing in confidence
  • Catholic John F Kennedy elected as USA president
  • Could make better Northern Ireland
  • Poor performance from Nationalist Party
39
Q

Name 1 group which opposed NICRA? Give 3 reasons why these people disagreed with NICRA?

A

Unionists :

  • NICRA thought to be a front for the IRA
  • Thought to be only interested in Catholic rights
  • Threatened continued existence of NI
40
Q

Give 3 reasons as to why NICRA’s marches resulted in violence in Derry?

A
  • NICRA seen as provocative
  • NICRA went ahead with marches banned by government
  • NICRA marches come in to contact with Unionist demonstrations
41
Q

What was the cause of O’Neill’s Five Point Reform Programme?

A

Violence in Derry caused by NICRA marches

42
Q

What were the aims of O’Neill’s Five Point Reform Programme? ( RARAR )

A
  • Remove parts of Special Powers Act
  • Allocation of housing based on Points System
  • Replacement of Derry Corporation by Development Commission
  • Appointment of Ombudsman
  • Reforms in local government
43
Q

How did Unionists react with O’Neill’s Five Point Reform Programme?

A

They were in dismay as they opposed concessions to Nationalists, this resulted in some violence

44
Q

Give 6 aims of the People’s Democracy?

A 
One man one vote
Fair boundaries
Houses on need
Jobs on merit
Free speech
Repeal of Special Powers Act
45
Q

Why did The People’s Democracy March from Belfast to Derry in January 1969?

A

It was in protest to the limited nature of O’Neill’s Five Point Programme

46
Q

What happened at the Ambush at Burntollet? What happened later that night?

A

The People’s Democracy March was confronted by a large group of unionists who attacked the marchers. Later that evening the RUC rampaged through Nationalist communities in Derry

47
Q

Results of Ambush at Burntollet in January 1969?

A
  • NICRA began marching again, believing that nothing had changed, violence ensued
  • O’Neill established the Cameron Commission to investigate the increasing violence
  • Faulkner resigned, believed O’Neill wasn’t in control
  • Members of OUP began calling for O’Neill’s resign, O’Neill called a general election to prove he had the publics backing
48
Q

Give 3 results of the Crossroads Election in February 1969?

A
  • Decrease in Unionist Support, increased disloyalty to O’Neill in OUP
  • Little to no support from Catholic voters
  • O’Neill only narrowly beat Ian Paisley by 1400 votes
49
Q

Who replaced O’Neill when he resigned in April 1969?

A

James Chichester Clark

History Yr11 (5 decks)

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