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History Yr11 > UNIT 1: Britain, Northern Ireland And Ireland > Flashcards

UNIT 1: Britain, Northern Ireland And Ireland Flashcards

0
Q

What year was Stormont opened?

A

1932

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1
Q

Give the definition of Stormont?

A

The name given to the Northern Irish Parliament building

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2
Q

What is the name given to the Republic of Ireland Parliament?

A

Dail

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3
Q

What was Direct Rule?

A

The system by which Northern Ireland was ruled directly from Westminster

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4
Q

What is a Taoiseach?

A

The Irish Prime Minister

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5
Q

What year was Northern Ireland established? And by what Act or treaty?

A

It was established in 1921, by the 1920 Government of Ireland Act

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6
Q

What does the term, partitioned, mean? ( in terms of the establishment of NI )

A

It means to artificially separate a country or state

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7
Q

How did Unionists react to the New State in 1921? Why?

A

They were delighted. Especially with the power they would possess, in parliament, evident in the May 1921 elections.

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8
Q

How many seats did the Unionists win in the May 1921 Elections?

A

40 out of the 52 available

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9
Q

How did Nationalists react to the New State? Why?

A

They were very upset, as they wished to be a part of Ireland and ruled by the parliament in Dublin

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10
Q

What was the 1922 Special Powers Act?

A

An Act which allowed the government to arrest suspects without trial

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11
Q

Why was the 1922 Special Powers Act created and passed?

A

This was created to increase the NI government power in response to the increasing violence and tension between Unionists and Nationalists

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12
Q

Name 3 other political responses to weaken the threat of Nationalism after the Establishment of the New State?

A
  • Abolition of Proportional Representation
  • Gerrymandering
  • Allowing only those who paid rates to vote ( therefore mostly only wealthy Protestants could vote )
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13
Q

What is Gerrymandering?

A

The redrawing of electoral boundaries to suit that of a particular party or group

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14
Q

Name 3 ways in which discrimination was practised against Catholics after the Establishment of the New State?

A
  • Catholics given less houses by Unionist councils
  • Catholic housing built to poor standard
  • Catholics found it harder to find jobs
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15
Q

In what year did Brookborough resign from PM?

A

1963

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16
Q

Who replaced Brookborough as PM?

A

Terence O’Neill

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17
Q

What party was O’Neill a member of?

A

The OUP

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18
Q

Who was the other minister who most of the OUP wanted to have as the new PM, instead of O’Neill?

A

Brian Faulkner

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19
Q

O’Neill was not voted as PM, but instead chosen by the OUP party leader. True or False?

A

True

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20
Q

O’Neill was fully supported by his party, the OUP, throughout his reign. True or False?

21
Q

Name 6 Economic Reforms O’Neill tried make in the beginning of his reign?

A
  • Modernisation of road and railway network
  • Co-operation with the Irish Trades Union Congress
  • Establishment of economic council under Faulkner
  • Creation of Ministry of Development
  • New town between Lurgan and Portadown, called Craigavon
  • Development of new university at Coleraine
22
Q

Give 5 pieces of evidence to suggest O’Neill’s economic reforms at the beginning of his reign were successful?

A
  • New firms set up in NI, such as Goodyear
  • New Oil refinery in Belfast
  • 35,000 jobs created
  • New airport at Aldergrove
  • Construction of the motorway
23
Q

Give 5 pieces of evidence to suggest O’Neill’s new economic reforms at the beginning of his reign were failing?

A
  • Jobs didn’t go to West of the River Bann
  • Harland and Wolff was only kept afloat with Government grants
  • Unemployment in North West, highest in GB
  • 20,000 jobs lost in traditional industries
  • Unemployment averaged between 7-8%
24
Give 3 pieces of evidence to suggest O'Neill's economic reforms at the beginning of his reign only really favoured Protestants and Unionists?
- Catholic/Nationalist Derry wanted the new university... Protestant/Unionist Coleraine got it instead - M1 only linked up Unionist areas - Unemployment higher West of Bann
25
How much did O'Neill invest in to modernisation?
£900 million
26
When did Lemass visit Stormont?
January 1965
27
Who was Sean Lemass?
The Taoiseach
28
Name 4 ways in which O'Neill tried to improve relations with Ulster's Nationalist community?
- Visiting Cardinal William Conway - Offering condolences to Catholics after death of Pope - Visiting Catholic schools and hospitals - Increasing funds for Catholic schools and hospitals
29
How did Unionist react to O'Neill's new policies between 1963 - 1967?
Mixed reactions, Some happy with reform, others worried these policies would undermine their position
30
What leading Unionist figure emerged after O'Neill's economic and political policies?
Reverend Ian Paisley
31
Why did Ian Paisley object any links to the South?
Articles 2 and 3 in the Souths constitution laid claim to the whole of Ireland.
32
Name 4 examples of Violent and Dividing reactions to O'Neill's Policies between 1963 - 1967
- Tensions increased - 2 Catholics died in May / June 1966 - O'Neill banned UVF - O'Neill revealed plot to get rid of him as leader within his own party
33
Name 3 examples of Nationalist reactions to O'Neill's policies between 1963-1967?
- Mixed reactions, initial support gave way due to frustration of a promised better future that never seemed to materialise - Catholic leaders reacted warmly to his reforms - O'Neill continued to be accused that his reforms favoured the Unionist East
34
When was NICRA established?
Start of 1967 by Paddy Devlin
35
Name 2 Influences and inspirations of NICRA?
- Inspired by Martin Luther King | - Student demonstrations in France during 1968
36
Name the 7 aims of NICRA ( PROFFED )
- Prevent discrimination in allocation of Government jobs - Remove Special Powers Act - One man one vote - Fair allocation of housing - Formal Complaints procedure - End gerrymandering - Disband B Specials
37
Name 5 groups which supported the group NICRA?
- New generation of Catholics - Liberals - Academics - Communists - Trade Unionists
38
Give 4 reasons as to why people supported NICRA?
- Catholics growing in confidence - Catholic John F Kennedy elected as USA president - Could make better Northern Ireland - Poor performance from Nationalist Party
39
Name 1 group which opposed NICRA? Give 3 reasons why these people disagreed with NICRA?
Unionists : - NICRA thought to be a front for the IRA - Thought to be only interested in Catholic rights - Threatened continued existence of NI
40
Give 3 reasons as to why NICRA's marches resulted in violence in Derry?
- NICRA seen as provocative - NICRA went ahead with marches banned by government - NICRA marches come in to contact with Unionist demonstrations
41
What was the cause of O'Neill's Five Point Reform Programme?
Violence in Derry caused by NICRA marches
42
What were the aims of O'Neill's Five Point Reform Programme? ( RARAR )
- Remove parts of Special Powers Act - Allocation of housing based on Points System - Replacement of Derry Corporation by Development Commission - Appointment of Ombudsman - Reforms in local government
43
How did Unionists react with O'Neill's Five Point Reform Programme?
They were in dismay as they opposed concessions to Nationalists, this resulted in some violence
44
Give 6 aims of the People's Democracy?
``` One man one vote Fair boundaries Houses on need Jobs on merit Free speech Repeal of Special Powers Act ```
45
Why did The People's Democracy March from Belfast to Derry in January 1969?
It was in protest to the limited nature of O'Neill's Five Point Programme
46
What happened at the Ambush at Burntollet? What happened later that night?
The People's Democracy March was confronted by a large group of unionists who attacked the marchers. Later that evening the RUC rampaged through Nationalist communities in Derry
47
Results of Ambush at Burntollet in January 1969?
- NICRA began marching again, believing that nothing had changed, violence ensued - O'Neill established the Cameron Commission to investigate the increasing violence - Faulkner resigned, believed O'Neill wasn't in control - Members of OUP began calling for O'Neill's resign, O'Neill called a general election to prove he had the publics backing
48
Give 3 results of the Crossroads Election in February 1969?
- Decrease in Unionist Support, increased disloyalty to O'Neill in OUP - Little to no support from Catholic voters - O'Neill only narrowly beat Ian Paisley by 1400 votes
49
Who replaced O'Neill when he resigned in April 1969?
James Chichester Clark

History Yr11 (5 decks)

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