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Germany Flashcards

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0
Q

Political Impacts of WW1?

A

During the War, Germany ruled by dictatorship. The Kaiser, Ludendorff and Hindenburg are supreme leaders

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1
Q

Social And Economic Impacts of WW1?

A
  • Farming disrupted by 50% due to farmers being drafted in to army
  • Mass starvation, 750,000 deaths
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2
Q

Psychological Impacts of WW1?

A
  • Germans felt bitter after war

- They needed someone to blame

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3
Q

Violent impacts of WW1?

A
  • ex-soldiers stage violent demonstrations against the Kaiser
  • open resistance in streets from workers
  • socialists demanding revolution
  • sailors in Kiel demonstrate mutinies in Kiel in 1918
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4
Q

What 3 reasons made Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicate?

A
  • revolution threatening
  • Germany seeking armistice
  • army could harm him
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5
Q

What happened to Wilhelm II after abdication?

A

Exile

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6
Q

When does the Kaiser abdicate?

A

November 1918

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7
Q

Who was put in Chancellor and declared Germany a republic?

A

Friederich Ebert

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8
Q

When does Ebert become chancellor?

A

November 1918

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9
Q

When does Germany become a republic?

A

December 1918

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10
Q

When was the armistice signed to end war?

A

November 1918

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11
Q

Why did the armistice anger many Germans?

A

Some still believed they were doing well in the war, so many got angry at the new government

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12
Q

When was Treaty of Versailles accepted?

A

June 1919

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13
Q

Name 5 terms within the treaty?

A
  • Germany loses overseas colonies
  • Rhineland demilitarised, occupied by Allied troops
  • army limited to 100,000 men
  • admit war guilt
  • pay reparations
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14
Q

Nickname given to Weimar politicians who signed Treaty of Versailles due to it being seen as a ‘diktat’? (Dictated Peace)

A

‘November Criminals’

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15
Q

What volunteer army did the government hire to stop any Left Wing threats?

A

Free Corps

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16
Q

When and what was the Sparticist Uprising

A

January 1919, a putsch to overthrow the government, led by Luxembourg

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17
Q

When and what was the Berlin Uprising?

A

March 1919, communist unrest in Berlin

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18
Q

When and what was the Bavaria Rising?

A

March 1919, Communist Republic declared in Bavaria

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19
Q

When and what was the Red Rising

A

March 1920, in reaction to Kapp Putsch, workers in Ruhr go on strike and form their own ‘Red Army.’

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20
Q

When and what was the Kapp Putsch?

A

March 1920, putsch to overthrow the government led by Wolfgang Kapp with help of the Free Corps

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21
Q

When was Weimar Constitution accepted?

A

July 1919

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22
Q

Name the 5 Clauses in Weimar Constitution?

A
  • freedom of speech
  • freedom of religion
  • 20+ years old can vote
  • Proportional Representation
  • Article 48
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23
Q

What is Passive Resistance?

A

To oppose a group without using violence

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24
Q

How long has inflation been rising by 1921?

A

Since WW1

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25
Q

In 1921, how much did Germany discover it would have to pay in Reparations?

A

£6600 million

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26
Q

Germany paid first instalment of Reparations in 1921, now in 1922 they couldn’t afford to and asked for a break. What were the consequences?

A

The French refused, invaded The Ruhr in January 1923, and production stopped when German citizens told to engage in Passive Resistance

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27
Q

Passive Resistance worsens the state of the economy, and Germany’s solution is to print more money. True or False?

A

True

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28
Q

By Autumn 1923, Germany was experiencing Hyper Inflation due to them printing too much money. True or false?

A

True

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29
Q

Germany becomes a barter economy as a result of Hyper Inflation. What is a Barter Economy?

A

When goods, rather than money are traded in exchange for services or products

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30
Q

In August 1923, Ebert founded a new government after the collapse of the previous one. How?

A

Using Article 48

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31
Q

Who became the new chancellor in August 1923? And Foreign Minister by 1924?

A

Gustav Stresemann

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32
Q

What 5 things did Stresemann do to solve the Economic Crisis? ( 5 R’s)

A
  • Reduced Government Spending
  • Resumed paying Reparations
  • Passive Resistance ended in Ruhr
  • New currency ( Rentenmark)
  • New Bank ( Reichsbank)
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33
Q

When did Stresemann and the Allies draw up the Dawes Plan? And what does it do?

A

In 1924 it was drawn up, and it gave Germany more time to pay Reparations overall and less would have to be paid over the next few years.

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34
Q

At the same time of the Dawes Plan, 1924, it was announced that Germany would benefit from US Loans as well. True or False?

A

True

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35
Q

In 1929, The Young Plan was drawn up. What did it do?

A

Dropped Reparations down to £1800 million

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36
Q

Name 5 positives of Golden Twenties?

A
  • heavy industry recovered
  • exports on rise
  • wages on increase
  • social welfare improved
  • infrastructure development
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37
Q

What did the 1928 General Election indicate?

A

People were supporting moderate parties

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38
Q

What were the 1925 Locarno Treaties?

A

Germany, France and Belgium accept common borders

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39
Q

In 1926, what international association was Germany allowed to join?

A

League of Nations

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40
Q

Name 5 negatives on the Golden Twenties?

A
  • von Hindenburg elected as president, doesn’t like democracy
  • agriculture depression
  • unemployment on increase
  • over - reliance on US loans
  • governments can’t last longer than 2 years
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41
Q

Why did Hitler join the DAF?

A

His job was to infiltrate extremist parties, but he was impressed by their aims

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42
Q

When and what was the 25 - Point - Programme?

A

February 1920: - desire to unite all Germans

  • living space
  • destruction of treaty of Versailles
  • need for strong government
43
Q

Soon after the DAF published the 25 Point Programme, they renamed the party to…?

A

The National Socialist German Workers Party ( Nazi Party for short)

44
Q

When did the Nazi’s publish their own newspaper? What was it called?

A

December 1920, they began publishing the Voölkischer Beobachter

45
Q

When does Hitler become leader of Nazi Party?

A

July 1921

46
Q

When was SA found and how many members did it have by 1922?

A

Founded in November 1921. By 1922 they boasted 15,000 members

47
Q

Name the leading industrialist who gave donations to the Nazi Party?

A

Fritz Thyssen

48
Q

By 1923, the Nazi party had how many members?

A

55,000

49
Q

What inspired Hitler to stage a Putsch?

A
  • cowardice shown by Stresemann by ending passive resistance

- economic mass in 1923

50
Q

When was the Munich Putsch?

A

November 1923

51
Q

How did Hitler gain the support of the Bavarian army and Munich police?

A

He forced the Bavarian leaders von Kahr, von Lossow, and von Seisser to announce their support. Hitler had also previously gained the support of Ludendorff in this as well

52
Q

Why did the Munich Putsch fail?

A

Once von Kahr, von Seisser and von Lossow were free, they warned the army about the putsch

53
Q

When Hitler was arrested and charged with high treason, how did he use his 24- day long trial to his advantage?

A

He used it for publicity and media coverage, where he was able to spread his ideas and condemn the Weimar Republic

54
Q

How many years did Hitler receive as his sentence? Why?

A

5 years, due to the judge being sympathetic towards Hitler.

55
Q

Name the 2 disasters that fell upon Germany in October 1929?

A
  • Stresemann died

- Wall Street Crash

56
Q

When was Hitler released from prison? How long did actually get?

A

He was released in December 1924 after 9 months in prison

57
Q

What book did Hitler write while in prison?

A

Mein Kampf

58
Q

In what way did Hitler change his tactics to gain power?

A

He became more constitutional and less violent in his tactics

59
Q

In what years did Hitler establish…: -

  • The SS?
  • The Hitler Youth?
A
  • 1925

- 1926

60
Q

Name 5 effects of Wall Street Crash on the economy?

A
  • prices and salaries tumbled
  • industry halved
  • businesses closed down
  • unemployment shot up
  • homelessness shot up
61
Q

By September 1930, how many Germans were unemployed?

A

3 million

62
Q

What characteristics Hitler offer that gained him support?

A
  • gave hope
  • strong leader
  • offered stability
  • offered greater prosperity
63
Q

What 3 things did Hitler promise to all Germans?

A
  • bread
  • job
  • home
64
Q

When does Bruning take over as chancellor?

A

March 1930

65
Q

In 1930 election, the Nazis gained 107 seats in the Reichstag. True or false?

A

True

66
Q

What does Germany become when Bruning begins to use Article 48 to pass laws and avoid a repeat of 1923’s Hyper Inflation Crisis?

A

Presidential Dictatorship

67
Q

What 4 policies did Bruning introduce?

A
  • reduced public spending
  • imposed tariffs on imports
  • slashed payments to the unemployed
  • salary reduction for civil servants
68
Q

What nickname did Bruning get from these policies?

A

Hunger Chancellor

69
Q

In April 1932, when Bruning was forced to resign as chancellor, what was his immediate action?

A

Banned SA and SS

70
Q

Who advised Hindenburg to appoint Von Papen as chancellor?

A

Von Schleicher

71
Q

When Von Papen removed the ban on the SA and SS, he called for a General election in 1932. How many seats did the Nazi’s gain?

A

230

72
Q

As well as The 1932 General Election, what are the other 6 contributed to Hitlers rise to power between 1929-33?

A
  • Joseph Goebbels
  • SA and Hitler Youth won new supporters
  • SA grew massively in size and attacked opposition meetings
  • Hitler was a talented orator
  • Nazi policies focused on those hardest hit by the Depression
  • Financial support from Thyssen
73
Q

Name 3 people who pressed Hindenburg in to appointing Hitler as chancellor?

A
  • Von Papen
  • Von Schleicher
  • Oskar von Hindenburg ( Hindenburg’s son)
74
Q

When does Hitler become chancellor?

A

January 1933

75
Q

CONSOLIDATION OF POWER

When was the Reichstag Fire?

A

February 1933

76
Q

CONSOLIDATION OF POWER

How did the 1933 Election Result help the Nazis?

A

Gave them stronger position in cabinet

77
Q

CONSOLIDATION OF POWER

What and when was the Enabling Act?

A

March 1933, the Enabling Act gave Hitler freedom to pass laws at will

78
Q

CONSOLIDATION OF POWER

When did the Nazis close and re establish state parliaments with Nazi majorities?

A

April 1933

79
Q

CONSOLIDATION OF POWER

Why and when did Hitler outlaw and replace trade unions with Nazi unions?

A

Hitler did this to get rid of the control Communists had over workers in trade unions, in May 1933

80
Q

CONSOLIDATION OF POWER

Why and when did Germany become a 1 party state?

A

Only Nazis have power now in Reichstag. In July 1933

81
Q

CONSOLIDATION OF POWER

What and when was Law for Reconstruction of the state?

A

January 1934, abolished all state parliaments so entire country is ran by single authority

82
Q

CONSOLIDATION OF POWER

Why and When did the Night of the Long Knives happen?

A

The Night of the Long Knives happened in June 1934, and it involved eliminating any opposition to Hitler

83
Q

CONSOLIDATION OF POWER

How does Hindenburg’s death in August 1934 help Hitler?

A

Hindenburg no longer poses a threat

84
Q

Name the 4 Nazi Unions that replaced Trade unions?

A
  • DAF
  • SdA
  • KDF
  • RAD
85
Q

What was the purpose of the DAF? Positive and negative?

A

Set up to replace trade unions. Wages were improved, but they often sided with employers

86
Q

What was the purpose of the SdA?

A

A branch of the DAF, the SdA was set up to ensure better working conditions

87
Q

What was the point in the KDF? Positive and Negative?

A

To improve workers free time. Gives workers holidays but wasn’t able to distribute any cars before being abolished

88
Q

What was the point in the RAD? Positive and Negative?

A

Built schools, hospitals, motorways, etc. Workers received food and spending money, but unfortunately no wages were paid

89
Q

What did hitler want Germany to become? Who supported him in this?

A

An autarky, Schacht supported him in this and created his New Plan of 1934

90
Q

What was the New Plan of 1934?

A

A plan that aimed to : - Massive acts on welfare spending

  • Impose limits on imports
  • trade agreements with surrounding countries
  • targeted government spending on industries
91
Q

Why did Goering replace Schacht as president of the Reichsbank?

A

Schacht and Hitler fell out over rearmament

92
Q

Name 6 ways in which Hitler controlled the role of women in Germany, as well as increase the birth rate?

A
  • Women forced from workplace
  • Gave every newly married couple 1000 marks
  • Awards for mothers
  • Contraception and abortion harder to get
  • Divorces to end childless marriages easier to obtain
  • Women encouraged to live in Lebensborn homes
93
Q

Name 6 ways in which the youth were controlled by Hitler and indoctrinated by Nazi ideas?

A
  • Dismissed Jewish teachers
  • Encouraged teachers to join NSLB
  • Nazified the curriculum ( focused on subjects like History, Geography, PE and Biology
  • Prepared boys for military life and girls as mothers
  • Established special schools to teach Germany’s future leaders
  • Hitler Youth Movement ( Hitler Youth / League of German Girls )
94
Q

When was the Concordat signed with the Catholic Church, in which the Catholic Church wouldn’t involve itself in Nazi politics?

A

July 1933

95
Q

Was the Concordat with the Catholic Church successful?

A

No, as it resulted in the Pope and several German Church leaders successfully speaking out against the Nazi regime

96
Q

Who led the Pro Nazi Lutherans?

A

Ludwig Muller

97
Q

Who was the leader of the Lutherans who disagreed with the Nazi Regime? What happened to him?

A

Pastor Martin Niemöller, who was sent to Dachau Concentration Camp in 1937

98
Q

Name 4 ways in which the Nazis tried to control the population through religion?

A
  • Signed concordat with Catholic Church
  • Made Ludwig Muller the first Reich Bishop in 1933
  • Sent Martin Niemöller to Dachau Concentration Camp
  • Created their own church, the German Faith Movement
99
Q

What was the decree “ For The Protection of People and State “?

A

This allowed opponents to be arrested and placed in Protective Custody in concentration camps

100
Q

Name 4 groups that suffered internment, and were sent to concentration camps?

A
  • Criminals
  • Gypsies
  • Tramps
  • Homosexuals
101
Q

Who took over responsibility from the SA for party security after the Night of the Long Knives?

A

The SS

102
Q

What branch of the SS arrested opponents who became known as “ enemies of the state “?

A

The Gestapo

103
Q

Name 5 ways in which Joseph Goebells controlled the media?

A
  • Only journalists approved by government could work in media
  • Newspapers against the regime shut down
  • Editors went to Daily Propaganda Ministry briefing
  • Nazis took control of radio stations
  • Nazi publishers bought 69% of newspaper titles
104
Q

Between 1933 and 1939, give 6 ways in which Nazi policies affected the lives of Jews. Mention month and year for each example

A
  • April 1933, Boycott of Jewish Shops
  • September 1933, Jews banned from owning land
  • September 1935, Nuremberg Laws ( Jews deprived of political and economic rights, Jews banned from marrying Aryans )
  • May 1935 Jews banned from joining army
  • November 1938 Kristallnacht
  • January 1939 Jews encouraged to emigrate
105
Q

Give 6 ways in which Hitler attempted to control women?

A
  • Women forced from workplace
  • Every newly wed couple receives loan of 1000 marks
  • Awards given to women to have more babies
  • Contraception and abortion harder to get
  • Divorces to end childless marriages easier to get
  • Unmarried women encouraged to live in Lebensborn homes where SS men would impregnate them

History Yr11 (5 decks)

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