Germany Flashcards
0
Q
Political Impacts of WW1?
A
During the War, Germany ruled by dictatorship. The Kaiser, Ludendorff and Hindenburg are supreme leaders
1
Q
Social And Economic Impacts of WW1?
A
- Farming disrupted by 50% due to farmers being drafted in to army
- Mass starvation, 750,000 deaths
2
Q
Psychological Impacts of WW1?
A
- Germans felt bitter after war
- They needed someone to blame
3
Q
Violent impacts of WW1?
A
- ex-soldiers stage violent demonstrations against the Kaiser
- open resistance in streets from workers
- socialists demanding revolution
- sailors in Kiel demonstrate mutinies in Kiel in 1918
4
Q
What 3 reasons made Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicate?
A
- revolution threatening
- Germany seeking armistice
- army could harm him
5
Q
What happened to Wilhelm II after abdication?
A
Exile
6
Q
When does the Kaiser abdicate?
A
November 1918
7
Q
Who was put in Chancellor and declared Germany a republic?
A
Friederich Ebert
8
Q
When does Ebert become chancellor?
A
November 1918
9
Q
When does Germany become a republic?
A
December 1918
10
Q
When was the armistice signed to end war?
A
November 1918
11
Q
Why did the armistice anger many Germans?
A
Some still believed they were doing well in the war, so many got angry at the new government
12
Q
When was Treaty of Versailles accepted?
A
June 1919
13
Q
Name 5 terms within the treaty?
A
- Germany loses overseas colonies
- Rhineland demilitarised, occupied by Allied troops
- army limited to 100,000 men
- admit war guilt
- pay reparations
14
Q
Nickname given to Weimar politicians who signed Treaty of Versailles due to it being seen as a ‘diktat’? (Dictated Peace)
A
‘November Criminals’
15
Q
What volunteer army did the government hire to stop any Left Wing threats?
A
Free Corps
16
Q
When and what was the Sparticist Uprising
A
January 1919, a putsch to overthrow the government, led by Luxembourg
17
Q
When and what was the Berlin Uprising?
A
March 1919, communist unrest in Berlin
18
Q
When and what was the Bavaria Rising?
A
March 1919, Communist Republic declared in Bavaria
19
Q
When and what was the Red Rising
A
March 1920, in reaction to Kapp Putsch, workers in Ruhr go on strike and form their own ‘Red Army.’
20
Q
When and what was the Kapp Putsch?
A
March 1920, putsch to overthrow the government led by Wolfgang Kapp with help of the Free Corps
21
Q
When was Weimar Constitution accepted?
A
July 1919
22
Q
Name the 5 Clauses in Weimar Constitution?
A
- freedom of speech
- freedom of religion
- 20+ years old can vote
- Proportional Representation
- Article 48
23
Q
What is Passive Resistance?
A
To oppose a group without using violence
24
How long has inflation been rising by 1921?
Since WW1
25
In 1921, how much did Germany discover it would have to pay in Reparations?
£6600 million
26
Germany paid first instalment of Reparations in 1921, now in 1922 they couldn't afford to and asked for a break. What were the consequences?
The French refused, invaded The Ruhr in January 1923, and production stopped when German citizens told to engage in Passive Resistance
27
Passive Resistance worsens the state of the economy, and Germany's solution is to print more money. True or False?
True
28
By Autumn 1923, Germany was experiencing Hyper Inflation due to them printing too much money. True or false?
True
29
Germany becomes a barter economy as a result of Hyper Inflation. What is a Barter Economy?
When goods, rather than money are traded in exchange for services or products
30
In August 1923, Ebert founded a new government after the collapse of the previous one. How?
Using Article 48
31
Who became the new chancellor in August 1923? And Foreign Minister by 1924?
Gustav Stresemann
32
What 5 things did Stresemann do to solve the Economic Crisis? ( 5 R's)
- Reduced Government Spending
- Resumed paying Reparations
- Passive Resistance ended in Ruhr
- New currency ( Rentenmark)
- New Bank ( Reichsbank)
33
When did Stresemann and the Allies draw up the Dawes Plan? And what does it do?
In 1924 it was drawn up, and it gave Germany more time to pay Reparations overall and less would have to be paid over the next few years.
34
At the same time of the Dawes Plan, 1924, it was announced that Germany would benefit from US Loans as well. True or False?
True
35
In 1929, The Young Plan was drawn up. What did it do?
Dropped Reparations down to £1800 million
36
Name 5 positives of Golden Twenties?
- heavy industry recovered
- exports on rise
- wages on increase
- social welfare improved
- infrastructure development
37
What did the 1928 General Election indicate?
People were supporting moderate parties
38
What were the 1925 Locarno Treaties?
Germany, France and Belgium accept common borders
39
In 1926, what international association was Germany allowed to join?
League of Nations
40
Name 5 negatives on the Golden Twenties?
- von Hindenburg elected as president, doesn't like democracy
- agriculture depression
- unemployment on increase
- over - reliance on US loans
- governments can't last longer than 2 years
41
Why did Hitler join the DAF?
His job was to infiltrate extremist parties, but he was impressed by their aims
42
When and what was the 25 - Point - Programme?
February 1920: - desire to unite all Germans
- living space
- destruction of treaty of Versailles
- need for strong government
43
Soon after the DAF published the 25 Point Programme, they renamed the party to...?
The National Socialist German Workers Party ( Nazi Party for short)
44
When did the Nazi's publish their own newspaper? What was it called?
December 1920, they began publishing the Voölkischer Beobachter
45
When does Hitler become leader of Nazi Party?
July 1921
46
When was SA found and how many members did it have by 1922?
Founded in November 1921. By 1922 they boasted 15,000 members
47
Name the leading industrialist who gave donations to the Nazi Party?
Fritz Thyssen
48
By 1923, the Nazi party had how many members?
55,000
49
What inspired Hitler to stage a Putsch?
- cowardice shown by Stresemann by ending passive resistance
| - economic mass in 1923
50
When was the Munich Putsch?
November 1923
51
How did Hitler gain the support of the Bavarian army and Munich police?
He forced the Bavarian leaders von Kahr, von Lossow, and von Seisser to announce their support. Hitler had also previously gained the support of Ludendorff in this as well
52
Why did the Munich Putsch fail?
Once von Kahr, von Seisser and von Lossow were free, they warned the army about the putsch
53
When Hitler was arrested and charged with high treason, how did he use his 24- day long trial to his advantage?
He used it for publicity and media coverage, where he was able to spread his ideas and condemn the Weimar Republic
54
How many years did Hitler receive as his sentence? Why?
5 years, due to the judge being sympathetic towards Hitler.
55
Name the 2 disasters that fell upon Germany in October 1929?
- Stresemann died
| - Wall Street Crash
56
When was Hitler released from prison? How long did actually get?
He was released in December 1924 after 9 months in prison
57
What book did Hitler write while in prison?
Mein Kampf
58
In what way did Hitler change his tactics to gain power?
He became more constitutional and less violent in his tactics
59
In what years did Hitler establish...: -
- The SS?
- The Hitler Youth?
- 1925
| - 1926
60
Name 5 effects of Wall Street Crash on the economy?
- prices and salaries tumbled
- industry halved
- businesses closed down
- unemployment shot up
- homelessness shot up
61
By September 1930, how many Germans were unemployed?
3 million
62
What characteristics Hitler offer that gained him support?
- gave hope
- strong leader
- offered stability
- offered greater prosperity
63
What 3 things did Hitler promise to all Germans?
- bread
- job
- home
64
When does Bruning take over as chancellor?
March 1930
65
In 1930 election, the Nazis gained 107 seats in the Reichstag. True or false?
True
66
What does Germany become when Bruning begins to use Article 48 to pass laws and avoid a repeat of 1923's Hyper Inflation Crisis?
Presidential Dictatorship
67
What 4 policies did Bruning introduce?
- reduced public spending
- imposed tariffs on imports
- slashed payments to the unemployed
- salary reduction for civil servants
68
What nickname did Bruning get from these policies?
Hunger Chancellor
69
In April 1932, when Bruning was forced to resign as chancellor, what was his immediate action?
Banned SA and SS
70
Who advised Hindenburg to appoint Von Papen as chancellor?
Von Schleicher
71
When Von Papen removed the ban on the SA and SS, he called for a General election in 1932. How many seats did the Nazi's gain?
230
72
As well as The 1932 General Election, what are the other 6 contributed to Hitlers rise to power between 1929-33?
- Joseph Goebbels
- SA and Hitler Youth won new supporters
- SA grew massively in size and attacked opposition meetings
- Hitler was a talented orator
- Nazi policies focused on those hardest hit by the Depression
- Financial support from Thyssen
73
Name 3 people who pressed Hindenburg in to appointing Hitler as chancellor?
- Von Papen
- Von Schleicher
- Oskar von Hindenburg ( Hindenburg's son)
74
When does Hitler become chancellor?
January 1933
75
CONSOLIDATION OF POWER
| When was the Reichstag Fire?
February 1933
76
CONSOLIDATION OF POWER
| How did the 1933 Election Result help the Nazis?
Gave them stronger position in cabinet
77
CONSOLIDATION OF POWER
| What and when was the Enabling Act?
March 1933, the Enabling Act gave Hitler freedom to pass laws at will
78
CONSOLIDATION OF POWER
| When did the Nazis close and re establish state parliaments with Nazi majorities?
April 1933
79
CONSOLIDATION OF POWER
| Why and when did Hitler outlaw and replace trade unions with Nazi unions?
Hitler did this to get rid of the control Communists had over workers in trade unions, in May 1933
80
CONSOLIDATION OF POWER
| Why and when did Germany become a 1 party state?
Only Nazis have power now in Reichstag. In July 1933
81
CONSOLIDATION OF POWER
| What and when was Law for Reconstruction of the state?
January 1934, abolished all state parliaments so entire country is ran by single authority
82
CONSOLIDATION OF POWER
| Why and When did the Night of the Long Knives happen?
The Night of the Long Knives happened in June 1934, and it involved eliminating any opposition to Hitler
83
CONSOLIDATION OF POWER
| How does Hindenburg's death in August 1934 help Hitler?
Hindenburg no longer poses a threat
84
Name the 4 Nazi Unions that replaced Trade unions?
- DAF
- SdA
- KDF
- RAD
85
What was the purpose of the DAF? Positive and negative?
Set up to replace trade unions. Wages were improved, but they often sided with employers
86
What was the purpose of the SdA?
A branch of the DAF, the SdA was set up to ensure better working conditions
87
What was the point in the KDF? Positive and Negative?
To improve workers free time. Gives workers holidays but wasn't able to distribute any cars before being abolished
88
What was the point in the RAD? Positive and Negative?
Built schools, hospitals, motorways, etc. Workers received food and spending money, but unfortunately no wages were paid
89
What did hitler want Germany to become? Who supported him in this?
An autarky, Schacht supported him in this and created his New Plan of 1934
90
What was the New Plan of 1934?
A plan that aimed to : - Massive acts on welfare spending
- Impose limits on imports
- trade agreements with surrounding countries
- targeted government spending on industries
91
Why did Goering replace Schacht as president of the Reichsbank?
Schacht and Hitler fell out over rearmament
92
Name 6 ways in which Hitler controlled the role of women in Germany, as well as increase the birth rate?
- Women forced from workplace
- Gave every newly married couple 1000 marks
- Awards for mothers
- Contraception and abortion harder to get
- Divorces to end childless marriages easier to obtain
- Women encouraged to live in Lebensborn homes
93
Name 6 ways in which the youth were controlled by Hitler and indoctrinated by Nazi ideas?
- Dismissed Jewish teachers
- Encouraged teachers to join NSLB
- Nazified the curriculum ( focused on subjects like History, Geography, PE and Biology
- Prepared boys for military life and girls as mothers
- Established special schools to teach Germany's future leaders
- Hitler Youth Movement ( Hitler Youth / League of German Girls )
94
When was the Concordat signed with the Catholic Church, in which the Catholic Church wouldn't involve itself in Nazi politics?
July 1933
95
Was the Concordat with the Catholic Church successful?
No, as it resulted in the Pope and several German Church leaders successfully speaking out against the Nazi regime
96
Who led the Pro Nazi Lutherans?
Ludwig Muller
97
Who was the leader of the Lutherans who disagreed with the Nazi Regime? What happened to him?
Pastor Martin Niemöller, who was sent to Dachau Concentration Camp in 1937
98
Name 4 ways in which the Nazis tried to control the population through religion?
- Signed concordat with Catholic Church
- Made Ludwig Muller the first Reich Bishop in 1933
- Sent Martin Niemöller to Dachau Concentration Camp
- Created their own church, the German Faith Movement
99
What was the decree " For The Protection of People and State "?
This allowed opponents to be arrested and placed in Protective Custody in concentration camps
100
Name 4 groups that suffered internment, and were sent to concentration camps?
- Criminals
- Gypsies
- Tramps
- Homosexuals
101
Who took over responsibility from the SA for party security after the Night of the Long Knives?
The SS
102
What branch of the SS arrested opponents who became known as " enemies of the state "?
The Gestapo
103
Name 5 ways in which Joseph Goebells controlled the media?
- Only journalists approved by government could work in media
- Newspapers against the regime shut down
- Editors went to Daily Propaganda Ministry briefing
- Nazis took control of radio stations
- Nazi publishers bought 69% of newspaper titles
104
Between 1933 and 1939, give 6 ways in which Nazi policies affected the lives of Jews. Mention month and year for each example
- April 1933, Boycott of Jewish Shops
- September 1933, Jews banned from owning land
- September 1935, Nuremberg Laws ( Jews deprived of political and economic rights, Jews banned from marrying Aryans )
- May 1935 Jews banned from joining army
- November 1938 Kristallnacht
- January 1939 Jews encouraged to emigrate
105
Give 6 ways in which Hitler attempted to control women?
- Women forced from workplace
- Every newly wed couple receives loan of 1000 marks
- Awards given to women to have more babies
- Contraception and abortion harder to get
- Divorces to end childless marriages easier to get
- Unmarried women encouraged to live in Lebensborn homes where SS men would impregnate them
