Unit 1 Body Orginization Flashcards
Define anatomy and physiology Discuss/ compare the different approaches to studying by anatomy and physiology List the 6 levels of organization in the body List the 11 organ systems in the body Know the major organs and functions of each organ system Describe homeostasis Be familiar with surface anatomy terms Know the 9 abdominal regions Know directional terms used in anatomy Know anatomical planes and sections Know the bodies cavities and basic membranes that line them
Responsiveness or
Irritability
How organisms respond to changes in their immediate environment
The capacity to make such adjustments is called adaptability
Cells
The simplest units of life
Differentiation
The specialization of cells to preform specific tasks
Metabolism
The chemical operations underway in the body
Respiration
The absorption, transport, and use of oxygen by cells
Digestion
The processing of foods
Cytology
The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells
Histology
The examination of tissues
Tissues
Groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to preform specific functions
Key Note
All physiological functions are preformed by anatomical structures. These functions follow the same physical and mechanical principles that can be seen in the world at large.
Key Note
The body can be divided into 11 organ systems, but they all work together and the boundaries between them are not absolute
Integumentary System
Protects against environmental hazards and helps control body temp
skin, hair, sweat glands, nails
Skeletal System
Provides support, protects tissues, stores minerals, and forms blood
bones, bone marrow
Muscular System
Allows for motion, provides support, and produces heat
muscles
Nervous System
Directs response to stimuli by coordinating activities of other organ systems
brain, spinal cord
Endocrine System
Directs long term changes in activities, hormones
thyroid gland, kidneys, adrenal glands
Cardiovascular System
Transports cells, nutrients, and blood
heart, blood vessels, blood
Lymphatic System
Defend against infection and disease
lymph nodes, spleen
Respiratory System
Delivers and transports air and gases
trachea, lungs, nasal cavities, alveoli
Digestive System
Processes food and absorbs nutrients
stomach, liver, pancreas
Urinary System
Eliminates wastes and water
kidneys, urinary bladder,
Male & Female Reproductive System
Produces sex cells and hormones
Supine
Lying face up with palms facing anteriorly
Prone
Lying face down
Transverse Plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior portions
Frontal Plane (Coronal Plane)
Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Sagittal Plane
Divides the body into left and right positions
Ventral Body Cavity (Coelom)
The diaphragm divides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
Viscera
Internal organs within the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Thoracic Cavity
Contains three internal chambers
a single pericardial cavity and a pair of pleural cavities
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Further divided into the abdominal and pelvic cavity
X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and Ultrasounds
Examples of Radiological Procedures
