Unit 1 (Block I)

Question 1

In inductive learning, the procedures consist of?

Answer 1

Practice and learning through repetition
Absence of prior or later study of explicit formal rules
Emphasis on content or message

Question 2

What does TEFL stand for?

Answer 2

Teaching English as a Foreign Language

Question 3

What does TESL stand for?

Answer 3

Teaching English as a Second Language

Question 4

Sánchez’s method definition:

Answer 4

It is a theory of language teaching which resulted from practical and theoretical discussions in a given historical context. Sometimes explain certain objectives and a particular view of language.

Question 5

What does TESOL stand for?

Answer 5

Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

Question 6

What does ELT stand for?

Answer 6

English Language Teaching (British usage of TESOL)

Question 7

Is TESOL an umbrella term?

Answer 7

Yes, since it covers both TEFL and TESL. It also stands for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages.

Question 8

What is a “method” concept in language teaching?

Answer 8

A particular way of doing something
Procedure or process for attaining an object
A systematic plan followed in presenting material for instruction
* A discipline that deals with the principles and techniques of scientific inquiry.
* Orderly arrangement, development, or classification.

Question 9

How does Cook interpret the concept of “method”?

Answer 9

It is used as a broad cover term for the different activities that go into language teaching.

Question 10

How does Richards & Rogers interpret the concept of “method”?

Answer 10

The notion of a systematic set of teaching practices based on a particular theory of language and language learning.

Question 11

Richards & Rogers “approach” is defined as:

Answer 11

Assumptions, beliefs, and theories about the nature of language and language learning.

Question 12

How many synonymous of “method” can we find?

Answer 12

• Methodology
• Approach
• Curriculum
• Syllabus
• Technique
• Activity
• Exercise
• Task

Question 13

What is the Pennsylvania Project?

Answer 13

It represents the eagerness to establish the “best” language teaching method. This method determines all pedagogical decisions concerned with triggering and optimising students’ learning.

Question 14

For Anthony, the concept of “approach” is:

Answer 14

A set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language and the nature of language teaching and learning.
- Theory of language: Oral first, then written
- Theory of learning: Habits, frequent practice
- Theory of teaching: Languages must be taught by means of practice and repetition.

Question 15

Is there the universal, ideal single method?

Answer 15

• Empirical data supporting one or another method
• Elements interacting in the implementation of language teaching methods in classrooms
• Teacher expertise
• His/her students’ profiles
• The teachers’ and the students’ expectations
• Institutional constraints
• Sociocltural context where teaching takes place

Question 16

What does “deductively” learning consist of?

Answer 16

It goes from generalisation to specific instances. Related to rationalism (Descartes): the acquisition of knowledge in the rationalist theory is connected to a prior process.

Question 17

Richards & Rogers “design” is defined as:

Answer 17

The level of method analysis that specifies
1. Objectives of the method
2. The syllabus model adopted in the method (how the language content is selected and organised)
3. Type of learning tasks and teaching activities
4. Roles of learners
5. Roles of teachers
6. Roles of instructional materials

Question 18

What does “inductively” learning consist of?

Answer 18

Starting by storing a number of specific instances and inducing a general law or rule or conclusion that governs the specific instances. Related to empiricism (Hume and Loc)

Question 19

In deductive learning, the procedures consist of?

Answer 19

Learning of rules, reasoning, abstraction, generalisations followed by practice,
Emphasis on forms.

Question 20

Richards & Rogers terms in USA and UK are:

Answer 20

Design: Curricula (USA) and Syllabus (U.K)

Question 21

The methods related to the “deductive learning” mode are:

Answer 21

Grammar-Translation Method, and Cognitive Approach

Question 22

The methods related to the “inductive learning” mode are:

Answer 22

Direct Method, Structurally based method, Strong version of CLT and spin-offs (CLIL, TBLT, the Lexical Approach)

Question 23

General learning context is related to:

Answer 23

Related to practice and experiential learning in stark contrast with deductive learning

Question 24

Form-focused learning is related to:

Answer 24

Grammar, vocabulary, mechanics: Discovery-learning or conscious-awareness exercises

Question 25

For Anthony, the concept of “method” is:

Answer 25

An overall plan for the orderly presentation of language material. Influenced by factors of age, cultural background…
- Approach: audio-oral
- Methods: mim-mem, pattern practice
* Both methods select specific grammatical and phonological structures, presented in a different order.

Question 26

For Anthony, the concept of “technique” is:

Answer 26

Tools through which methods are implemented in the classroom. Techniques must be consistent with a method, and therefore in harmony with an approach as well.

Question 27

What did Richards & Rogers propose in relation to Anthony?

Answer 27

A reformulation of the concept of method based on Anthony’s. Approach, method and technique were renamed as approach, design and procedure, with a superordinate term: method

Question 28

Richards & Rogers “procedure” is defined as:

Answer 28

The techniques, practices and behaviours that result from a particular approach and design.

Question 29

Methodology is referred to:

Answer 29

1. The study of the practices and procedures used in teaching and the principles and beliefs that underlie them.
2. Such practices, procedures, and beliefs themselves.
3. The procedures used in carrying out an investigation, including the methods used to collect data and analyze data.

Question 30

Methodology includes:

Answer 30

• Study of the nature of language skills and procedures for teaching them
• Study of the preparation of lesson plans, materials and textbooks for teaching language skills
• The evaluation and comparison of language teaching methods.

Question 31

The approach is:

Answer 31

Theoretical positions and beliefs about the nature of language, the nature of language learning, and the applicability of both to pedagogical settings.

Question 32

The difference between exercise and activity is:

Answer 32

The exercise is used to practice learning item while an activity is concerned with any classroom procedure that requires students to use and practise their available language resources.