Unit 1 Biology Flashcards
List the characteristics of living things (Hint, there’s 8)
Reproduction, all living things have cells, living things grow, living things have some form of energy, all living things respond to the environment, all living things have homeostasis, living things have DNA/RNA, and living things go through Evolution
3 Parts of the cell theory
All living things are made up of cells,
Cells come from other cells,
Cells are the basic unit of life.
Scientists involved in the development of the cell theory
Hooke
Schleiden
Scwann
Virchow
How did Hooke contribute to the cell theory?
He made microscopes.
How did Schleiden Contribute to the cell theory?
He discovered plant tissues are composed of cells.
How did Schwann contribute to the cell theory?
He started the cell theory and believed cells came from other cells and fought about it.
How did Virchow contribute to the cell theory?
He proved cells come from other cells.
Diagram a water molecule
Check on notes to see if it’s the same
Describe how water is polar
Oxygen is pos and hydrogen is neg so they attract to each other since they are polar. The imbalance of electrons makes the water polar.
What are hydrogen bonds?
They are bonds that form between polar molecules
Draw three water molecules with hydrogen bonds
Check notes to see if they match
List the properties of water (Hint there’s 6)
Cohesion Adhesion High specific heat High heat of vaporization Density Universal Solvent
Why does water and oil struggle to mix?
Because water is polar and oil is not so polar and non-polar don’t mix.
Why does salt dissolve in water?
Because it’s adhesive and water-soluble unlike oil.
What is Adhesion?
Molecules that stick to other molecules.
What is cohesion?
Molecules that only stick to themselves
Why will more drops of water fit into a penny than alcohol?
Because water is very cohesive so it loves to stick to itself more than alcohol does. Also because the water has hydrogen bonds that make up the surface tension
Why does ice float in water?
Because it’s less dense
How would the world be different if ice didn’t float?
It would kill the ecosystem in the water which would be bad for earth since we need most of those animals.
How does capillary work in trees?
Water molecules stick to the molecules on the sides of the tree tube due to it’s adhesiveness, so it travels upwards.
Explain the idea of surface tension
The cohesion forces molecules to resist any external force.
Why can a paper clip float on water?
This is due to surface tension
Why can’t a paper clip float on soapy water?
The soap breaks the surface tension because the soap is being adhesive with the water
How do insects like water striders depend on surface tension?
So they can get from point A to b, so they don’t drown, so they don’t get eaten on land, and so they can eat as well.
Define Heat Vaporization
The amount of energy needed to convert 1g of a substances to go from a liquid to a gas.
How is heat Vaporization important in life?
Water vapor forms a “blanket” that helps keep earth warm.
What’s specific heat?
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substances by one degree.
How is specific heat essential to human life?
Living organisms can only live and reproduce in certain temperatures that need to be maintained.
What are the four macromolecules? (Hint don’t over think)
Carbs
Lipids
Protein
Nucleic acid
What’s the function of a carb and an example?
Short term energy Eg. Bread
What’s the function of a Lipid and an example?
Long term energy Eg. Nuts
What’s the function of protein and an example?
helps rebuild body tissue Eg. Meat
Whats the function of nucleic acids and an example?
Carries genetic code Eg. DNA
What are the different types of cell transport?
Passive and Active
What are three different ways molecules are transported across a membrane without energy? (Hint there’s 3)
Simple Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.
Whats the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
Diffusion: Does not require water molecules for other molecules to transfer
Osmosis: Needs water to move to transfer
Hypertonic Environment
The environment outside of the cell will have a bigger amount of NaCl than the cell itself. The water will move away from the cell, These cells shrink.
Isotonic Environment
Balanced amount of water and NaCl, the water will move in and out of the cell, these cells will be at equalibrium.
Hypotonic Environment
The environment outside of the cell will have less NaCl than the cell itself. The water will move in wards, The cell will burst.
What are the different types of active transport?
Passive and active
What does active transport need to work?
ATP energy
What is endocytosis?
A cellular process where cells bring substances into the cell.
What is exocytosis?
the process of cells releasing substances inside to the outside.
What is a specialized cell and what is an example of one?
These are cells created for one specific task, red blood cells is an example and it carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.
