BIO FINAL Flashcards
How are Macros constructed
Monomers build polymers
A sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
Nucleic Acid
Simple sugars make
starch and glycogen
aa makes
polypeptide (Protein)
Nucleotides make
DNA/RNAm
proteins like enzymes
Speeds up chemical reactions
Lipids like fats
store long term energy
Carbs like glycogen
Short term energy
Nucleic acids like DNA
Store & transmit genetic information
Proteins like keratin
Build body structures like hair
Carbs like starch
energy in plants
Why does ice float on water?
Ice is less dense than water
Adhesion
Molecules sticking to other things (By hydro bonds)
Cohesion
Molecules sticking to themselves (By hydro bonds)
Why doesn’t water and oil mix?
Water is polar, oil is non-polar
Characteristics of life (Hint there’s 8)
Cells Reproduce DNA Growth Homeostasis Evolve Energy Respond
Tell me about the characteristics of life
All living things are made of cells
Reproduce to make more organisms
Grow to get bigger and change
Homeostasis to keep a constant environment
Evolve as a species to change the environment
Energy for metabolizing
Respond to cause a change in next response
Otters maintain body heat by trapping air pockets in their fur which insulates. Harbor seals retain their heat with a layer of fat which also insulates. Why might a sea otter be less likely to be in homeostasis than a hardor seal in an oil spill?
The oil causes air pockets to open by bothering the hydro bonds. They won’t be able to hold in heat.
9) Why are these gases able to move in the direction shown in the diagram
It diffuses because molecules go from high to low concentration.
10) What is this process called?
Endocytosis - needs energy
What do you think will happen if water had a lower specific heat?
Temperatures would change quickly so the earth wouldn’t stay warm in the cold.
Why does diffusion happen?
Atoms are constantly moving and crashing into each other causing them to spread out.
What is osmosis and what causes it to happen?
The diffusion of water causes it to go from high to low concentration
14) What is going on?
Active transport
Polarity in water, why is it that way?
Unequal distribution of electrons in water makes the oxygen neg. H is pos which causes attractions in hydro bonds.
34) Based on this info, what will happen?
The protein will change because the amino acid has changed
A cell with 24 chromosomes undergoes mitosis twice, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?
2
What is the result of a fertilized egg?
Restores the diploid number
Advantages of asexual
Less energy in the nuclei, it’s faster, don’t need a mate.
38)
B D A C
25) whats going on?
Meiosis
26) What’s the order?
Anaphase Interphase Metaphase Prophase Telophase Remember: A I M P T aimpit
27)
Mitosis
Diploid Me or Mi?
Mitosis
Simple to Difficult in cellular organization
Cell - Tissue - organ - organ system - organism
30)
Gene
31)
Meiosis
32)
Crossing over
33)
If the DNA is Messed up, you lose proteins.
(18
The tails are fatty acids and hydrophobic
19)
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen CHONP P is missing, These are ammion acids so the student is wrong.
Draw: Interpahse (G1, S, G2) Mitosis, (PMAT) & cytokinesis.
20) check
Compare MI and ME
Both start diploid, have cytokinesis, and do division.
MI: Ends with 2 cells, Identical, Makes body cells.
ME: Ends with 4 cells, different, makes gametes
Skin cells divide by how?
Mitosis
How many cells are made by the end of MI
2
Crossing over happens during…
And what happens in this process?
Prophase 1 of meiosis
Homo chromosomes exchange genetic info.
