Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Unit 1: Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Unit 1: Biological Molecules Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The total sum of all if the chemical reactions going on in an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does catabolic and anabolic mean?

A

Catabolic = larger broken down into smaller.
Anabolic = smaller built up to larger.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the use of carbohydrates?

A

Energy store and energy supply, part of structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Use of proteins?

A

Structure, support, enzymes, antibodies, hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Use of vitamins / minerals?

A

Part of larger molecules, involved in metabolic pathways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Use of nucleic acid?

A

Carry info, coding for genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Use of water?

A

Support (plants), solvent for reactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Use of lipids?

A

Membranes, energy store, insulation, protection, electrical insulation, hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the definition of organic chemistry?

A

Chemistry that involves carbon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the meaning of covalent bonding?

A

Electrons are shared between atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the meaning of double bonding?

A

2 electrons are shared between atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A single molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Multiple monomers chemically bonded in a chain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the monomers and polymers for carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the monomers and polymers of proteins?

A

Amino acids and Polypeptides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the monomers and polymers for nucleic acid?

A

Nucleotides and DNA / RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

The bonding of monomers to create a polymer.

18
Q

What is condensation?

A

A new covalent bond or larger molecules are formed - a water molecule is produced or released.

19
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

When a covalent bond is broken, smaller molecules are formed from a larger one.

20
Q

What is hydrogen bonding?

A

When a slightly negatively charged part of a molecule comes into contact with a slightly positively charged part of another molecule. This is a weak attraction.

21
Q

What are carbohydrates made of

A

Monosaccharides, containing C, H, and O.

22
Q

What are the different forms of glucose and how can you tell them apart

A
  • alpha glucose has OH facing down
  • beta glucose has OH facing up to
23
Q

What are disaccharides

A
  • two monosaccharides joined together by condensation reactions
24
Q

What are polysaccharides

A
  • multiple monosaccharides joined together by condensation
25
Q

Cellulose structure

A
  • long unbranched chains of beta-glucose
  • hydrogen bonds between glucose create microfibrils
  • microfibrils create strong fibres
26
Q

Cellulose function

A
  • strength to support cell walls
27
Q

Lipid function & properties

A
  • energy source
  • protection & waterproofing
  • thermal & electrical insulators
  • hormones and vitamins are sometimes lipids
  • cell membrane
28
Q

Structure of lipids

A
  • made of glycerol and fatty acids
  • one glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains
29
Q

What are saturated fatty acids

A
  • the hydrogen atoms are closer together, with single bonds between carbon atoms
  • molecules are less fluid
30
Q

What are unsaturated fatty acids

A
  • have double bonds between carbon atoms
31
Q

What are triglycerides

A
  • large nonpolar molecules which are insoluble, made from lipids
32
Q

What is a phospholipid

A
  • one glycerol bonded to two fatty acids and one phosphate group
  • phosphate head is hydrophilic and fatty acid tail is hydrophobic
33
Q

Structure of a protein

A

Primary - arrangement of amino acid sequences
Secondary - how the amino acids are formed, hydrogen bonds between
Tertiary - folding and coiling of the polypeptide chain
Quaternary - special arrangements of subunits of a protein, in respect to eachother

34
Q

What is a solvent, solute and solution

A

Solvent - a liquid in which chemicals dissolve to make a solution
Solute - a chemical that is dissolved in a solvent
Solution - solvent + solute

35
Q

Fibrous protein structure

A
  • long strands of polypeptide chains, with cross-linkage due to hydrogen bonds
  • little or no tertiary structure
36
Q

Globular protein structure

A
  • compact, roughly spherical in shape, soluble in water
  • metabolic
37
Q

What are inhibitors

A
  • substances that reduce the activity of enzymes
  • interfere directly or indirectly on the functioning of the active site
  • can be reversible or irreversible
38
Q

What is a competitive inhibitor

A
  • binds to the active site
39
Q

What is a mon-competitive inhibitor

A
  • binds to the enzyme at a different position, changing the active site shape
40
Q

What is a metabolic pathway

A
  • the total sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism is metabolism, consists of hundreds of reactions that makes the metabolic pathway

Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions