Unit 1: Biochem - Intro Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
Compound
A
Two or more different elements chemically bonded together
2
Q
Molecule
A
Two of the same elements bonded together
3
Q
Isotope
A
Two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons
4
Q
Ion
A
Charged atom / group of electrons (charge from gain/loss of e-)
5
Q
Some cations
A
NH4+, NA+, K+, H+
6
Q
Some Anions
A
NO3, NO2, OH-, CO3^2-, HCO3-, PO4^3-, SO4^3-
7
Q
Chemical bonds are
A
Formed between opposite charges attracting
8
Q
Stable bonds/Unstable Bonds
A
- Low energy state, not likely to break
- High energy state, more likely to break
9
Q
Ionic Bonds
A
- metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation
- nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.
- Dissolve in water
- Polar
10
Q
Covalent bonds
A
E- are shared equally between atoms, non-polar
11
Q
Polar MOLECULES
A
- Entire shape is asymmetric
- One part +, other -
- Unequal sharing creates electronegativity
- Dissolve other polar substances, non polars are not attracted
12
Q
Bonds That are always Polar
A
S-H N-H H-CL O-H O-C N-C
13
Q
Bonds that are never polar
A
C-H, anything to itself
14
Q
Intermolecular “bonds” forces (IMFS)
A
- Distant dependent interactions between molecules/atoms
- London dispersion forces (LDF) or Van Der Waal’s
- Charge-Charge bond
- Weak, strong in large numbers
- More common in large molecules
15
Q
Dipole-Dipole bonds
A
- Attraction between polar molecules, forming polar bonds
Ex: Hydrogen Bonds
