Unit 1 Basics of Nutritional Science Flashcards
Nutrition
Study of nutrients in food, how nutrients are used in the body, and human behaviours related to food
Food
Any substance your body can take in and adapt to enable
Diet
Food and beverages you normally consume
Essential Nutrients
Nutrients from food b/c body cannot make needed amount
o Ex: minerals, essential fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic acid
Non-essential nutrients
Nutrients where the body can make the needed amount so do not need to rely on food intake
Conditionally Essential Nutrients
Nutrients where the body can normally make needed amount
Cannot make required amount during periods of illness, growth, or injury so must rely on foods
o Ex: amino acid histadine which is needed while growing
Kilocalorie
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one litre (L) of water by 1 degree Celsius
Calorie
Amount of heat energy needed to raise temperature of one ml of water by 1 degree Celsius
What are the 6 classes of nutrients that can be divided into 2 categories
- Energy providing nutrients
- carbs
- fat
- protein - other nutrients (non-energy consuming)
- water
- vitamins
- minerals
Food choices is based on (12)
- availability
- cost
- convenience
- emotional
- social
- cultural factors
- advertising
- habit
- positive association
- personal preference
- values or belief
- health
tips to make informed choices
- use food labels
- stick to grocery list
- avoid impulse buys
- question why you want to buy certain food
what does the CFG do
Promotes healthy eating in Canadians age 2 and up
What are the basic characteristics of a healthy diet
-adequacy
- balance
- can get all nutrients from one food
- calorie count
* do not go over your limit or stored as fat - moderation
* don’t want overload body - variety
- do not eat same meal everyday
- nutrition density
- should not eat empty calorie foods
what should your plate look like
- 1/2 vegetables and fruit
-1/4 whole grains
1/4 protein (mostly from plant)
Changes to Nutrition Label
o Serving size stand out more and is similar on similar foods (also says cups)
o Calories is larger and stand out more
o No line under daily value
o Sugar now has %DV
o Updates list of minerals of public health concern
took our vitamin A and C
added potassium
o MG amounts are shown of minerals
o New dailty value footnote
saying 5% or less is little 15% or more is a lot
Changes to ingredients label
o sugars are grouped o minimum height requirement o has to be in black front with uppercase and lowercase in brackets o bullets or commas separate ingredients o white or neutral background o food colours listed by name o Ingredient and Contains in bold font
changes in serving size (milk, Bread, Crackers)
o sugars are grouped o minimum height requirement o has to be in black front with uppercase and lowercase in brackets o bullets or commas separate ingredients o white or neutral background o food colours listed by name o Ingredient and Contains in bold font
What is an food allergy
• An immune response to a food substance (specifically proteins in the food)
• Food protein is mistaken by immune system as being harmful
• First time exposed to protein body will create immunoglobulin E (Ige)
o When exposed again IgE antibodies such as histamine is released
Gluten protein found in grains
o Barley o Oats o Rye o Wheat o Tritacle
What are Sulphites
- Added to processes foods to maintain colour, prolong shelf life and prevent growth of micro organisms
- Must be declared if there is more than 10 parts per million
11 most common allergies
- Peanuts
- Treenuts (almonds, brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pine nuts, pistachio nuts, and walnuts)
- Seasame seeds
- Milk
- Eggs
- Fish
- Soy
- Wheat and tritacle
- Sulphites
- Mustard
- Crustaceans and molluscs
Do food intolerances involve the immune system?
no
Lactose Intolerence
- Impaired ability to digest lactose due to lacking enzyme
- 75% of the world’s population lose their ability to produce lactose
- Nausea dirrhea and gas
- Consuming lactose containing foods rather than beverages can help
- Yogurt and cheese can be digested due to bacteria
- Can help symptoms with lactaid pills
10 ways to spot nutrition quackery
- Sounds too good to be true or promises a quick fix
- Want to make you suspicious about the food supply
- Testimonials
- Fake credintials
- Whole food groups ar eliminated
a. Ex: eliminating milk or carbs - Meaningless medical jargon
- Pushes megadoses of supplements
- Supplemets and health food are recommended to everyone
- They offer special tests to determine your nutritional status
- Use of word natural
