Unit 1 - Basic Anatomy Flashcards
Basic Anatomy
Describe a learning outcome.
Learning outcomes are statements that describe the knowledge or skills students should acquire by the end of a particular assignment
Explain how to use your textbook most effectively to
enhance your learning
Through text - and art intergration
Define anatomy
It’s the study of internal and external body structures and their physical relationship to the other body structures.
Define physiology.
It’s the study of how living organisms preform their vital funtions.
Describe how anatomy and physiology are closely
related.
Anatomy gives clues on the function of body structures and physiology processes can only be described by underlining anatomy.
What is the difference between gross anatomy and
microscopic anatomy?
Microscopic anatomy requires a microscope to study and gross anatomy doesn’t.
Identify several specialties of physiology.
Cell physiology
Organ physiology
Systemic physiology
Pathology physiology
Why is it difficult to separate anatomy from physiology?
It’s difficult so seperate the two because anatomy covers the structure while physiology explains how the structure works.
Identify the major levels of organization of the human
body from the simplest to the most complex.
Atoms Molecules Cells Tissue Organs Organ systems Organisms
Identify the organ systems of the body and cite some
major structures of each.
CRDENEC
Circulatory
*The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body
Respiratory
*allows air to enter the lungs and for oxygen to diffuse into the blood en enroute to the body’s tissues.
Digestive
* is responsible for bringing food into the body and breaking it down to useable components.
Excretory
*is where liquid waste is eliminated as urine.
Nervous
*which serve as the main control centers for the body and process all incoming and outgoing messages.
Endocrine
*relies upon chemicals, called hormones, to send long distance messages through the body.
Cardio
*The heart pumps the blood throughout the body and maintains blood pressure.
At which level of organization does a histologist
investigate structures?
Tissue level
Describe medical terminology.
Simply put, it is the vocabulary that medical professionals use to describe the body, what it does, and the treatments they prescribe.
Define eponym
a name or noun formed after a person
Name the book that serves as the international standard
for anatomical terms.
Terminologia
Anatomica
What is the purpose of anatomical terms?
to describe specific areas and movements of the body as well as the relation of body parts to each other
For a body in the anatomical position, describe an
anterior view and a posterior view
Anatomical (ventral)would be from the front
Posterior (dorsal)would be from the back
Name two essential functions of the body cavities of the
trunk.
protect internal organs
and cushion them from thumps and bumps that occur while walking / running, or jumping.
Describe the various body cavities of the trunk.
The two largest human body cavities are the ventral cavity and dorsal cavity. The ventral cavity is at the anterior of the trunk. It is subdivided into the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.
The dorsal cavity is at the posterior of the body, and includes the head and the back of the trunk.
Why is homeostatic regulation important to an
organism?
It maintains stable internal and external environments with the best conditions for it to operate.
Explain the function of negative feedback systems.
It responds when conditions change from the ideal or set point and returns conditions to this set point
What happens to the body when homeostasis breaks down?
organ systems function less efficiently or even malfunction.
Why is positive feedback helpful in blood clotting but
unsuitable for the regulation of body temperature?
Positive feedback in the regulation of body temperature, for example, would cause a slight fever to spiral out of control
Define equilibrium.
a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced
