Unit 1: B3 Tissue Structure and Function Flashcards
What is the structure and function of squamous epithelial tissue in the alveoli?
Squamous epithelial tissue consists of thin, flat cells that create a short diffusion pathway for efficient gas exchange in the alveoli.
How does chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect alveolar epithelium?
COPD damages alveolar walls, reducing surface area for gas exchange, leading to difficulty breathing and reduced oxygen uptake.
What is the role of columnar epithelial tissue in the lungs?
Columnar epithelial tissue contains goblet cells that secrete mucus to trap pathogens and ciliated cells that move mucus out of the respiratory tract to protect the lungs.
What is the structure and function of endothelial tissue in blood vessels?
Endothelial tissue is a thin layer of cells lining blood vessels, reducing friction for smooth blood flow and controlling exchange between blood and tissues.
How do damaged endothelial cells contribute to atherosclerosis?
Damage to endothelial cells from risk factors like smoking or high cholesterol leads to plaque buildup, narrowing blood vessels and increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
What is the microscopic structure of a skeletal muscle fiber?
Skeletal muscle fibers are long, multinucleated, and striated, with sarcomeres containing actin and myosin for contraction.
What are the differences between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers?
Fast-twitch fibers contract quickly and are suited for short bursts of power, while slow-twitch fibers contract slower but are fatigue-resistant and ideal for endurance.
What is the difference between myelinated and non-myelinated neurons?
Myelinated neurons have a myelin sheath that enables faster saltatory conduction of nerve impulses, while non-myelinated neurons conduct impulses more slowly.
How does dopamine imbalance affect health, as seen in Parkinson’s disease?
Reduced dopamine levels in Parkinson’s disease cause motor symptoms like tremors and rigidity, as dopamine is essential for coordinating movement.
What is the role of acetylcholine in synaptic transmission?
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that transmits signals across synapses by binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, triggering a response.
