Unit 1: B2 Cell specialisation Flashcards
What is the function of palisade mesophyll cells, and how is their structure adapted for this function?
Palisade mesophyll cells are specialized for photosynthesis. They contain many chloroplasts to maximize light absorption and are tightly packed in the upper layer of leaves to capture sunlight efficiently.
How are sperm cells specialized for their role in reproduction?
Sperm cells have a streamlined shape, a tail (flagellum) for movement, many mitochondria to provide energy, and an acrosome containing enzymes to penetrate the egg cell.
How is the structure of an egg cell specialized for reproduction?
The egg cell is large and contains nutrients to support the early development of the embryo. Its membrane changes after fertilization to prevent entry of additional sperm.
What is the function of root hair cells, and how is their structure adapted for this?
Root hair cells absorb water and minerals from the soil. They have a large surface area due to their long projections and thin cell walls to facilitate absorption.
How are white and red blood cells specialized for their functions?
White blood cells fight infections using their ability to engulf pathogens (phagocytosis) or produce antibodies. Some can change shape to move through tissues. Red blood cells transport oxygen using hemoglobin. They lack a nucleus to maximize space for hemoglobin and have a biconcave shape to increase surface area for gas exchange.
