Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties Flashcards
What is a mole?
A mole is a unit of matter that unifies the different elements.
What is Avogadro’s Number?
6.022 x 10^23
Every mole has how many atoms/molecules/formula units?
6.022 x 10^23 (Avogadro’s Number)
What is one mole equal to?
One mole is equal to the molar mass of the element/compound in grams.
How do you find the molar mass of a compound?
The molar mass of a compound can be found by adding the molar masses of the elements in the compound.
What are the 7 diatomic elements?
BRINCLHOF
Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine
What is a isotope?
An isotope is a version of an element that has a different mass than the original element.
What is mass spectroscopy?
Mass Spectroscopy is an analytical tool that shows the relative abundance of each isotope in a sample.
How do you find the mass percent of an element in a compound?
The formula is (mass of the element/molar mass) x 100.
What is an empirical formula?
An empirical formula is the simplest form of a chemical formula
C6H12O6 -> CH2O
How do you write the electron configuration of Sodium?
1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1
What is orbital notation?
Orbital notation represents every electron in an atom with an arrow.
What does Photoelectron Spectroscopy do?
Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES) uses the binding energy of electrons to show the electron configuration of an element.
What is Nuclear Charge?
The Nuclear Charge is the number of protons in an element.
Electrons closer to the nucleus have a _______ binding energy.
Electrons closer to the nucleus have a greater binding energy.
What is an excited state?
An excited state is when an electron moves to a higher energy level.
How is an atom in an excited state notated?
With an Asterisk
Example: Na*
What is Periodicity?
Periodicity is a cycle of repeating properties that occur as you move across the periodic table from left to right.
What are the 2 things that effect a periodic trend?
The change in nuclear charge and shielding effect.
What is shielding effect?
The outer electrons are repelled by the core electrons, so the nucleus’ effective charge on the outermost electrons is decreased. As a result, the outer electrons are shielded and thus have less grip on the nucleus.
What is the effective nuclear charge?
The effective nuclear charge is the nuclear charge that valence electrons feel considering the shielding effect.
What is Atomic Radius?
The distance between the nucleus and the outside of the electron cloud.
What is the trend for the Atomic Radius?
Atomic Radius increases down and left on the periodic table.
What is Electronegitivity?
The pull of an atoms nucleus on the electrons of an adjacent atom.
What is the trend for Electronegitivity?
Electronegativity increases up and right on the periodic table.
Noble Gases have no electronegativity.
What is Electron Affinity?
The energy released by an atom when it gains an electron.
What is the trend for Electron Affinity?
Increases up and right on the periodic table.
Noble gases have no electron affinity.
Full and half-full electron sublevels have unexpectedly low electron affinity.
What is Ionization Energy?
The amount of energy required to remove an electron.
What is the trend for Ionization Energy?
Increases up and right on the periodic table.
Noble gases have no ionization energy.
Full and half-full electron sublevels have unexpectedly low ionization energy.
Helium has the highest ionization energy.
