Unit 1-Atomic Orbitals

Question 1

Why can their be multiple lines in an emission spectrum?

Answer 1

Because their are multiple energy levels that the elctron can be promoted into.

Question 2

What are the four quantum numbers?

Answer 2

1. the principal quantum number, n
2. the angular momentum quantum number, l
3. the magnetic quantum number, m_l
4. the spin magnetic quantum number, m_s

Question 3

What does the principal quantum number, n, tell us?

Answer 3

The size of the orbital (which energy level we are using)

Question 4

What are the possible values of the principal quantum number?

Answer 4

n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ….. (integers)

Question 5

What does the angular momentum quantum number, l, tell us?

Answer 5

The type of orbital

Question 6

What type of orbital will have an angular momentum quantum number of: a) l=0 b) l=1 c) l=2 d) l=3

Answer 6

a) l=0 identifies an s-type orbital b) l=1 identifies a p-type orbital c) l=2 identifies a d-type orbital d) l=3 identifies an f-type orbital

Question 7

What does the magnetic quantum number,m_l, tell us?

Answer 7

Identifies which specific orbital within an orbital type we are using.

Question 8

How many types of s orbitals (l=0) are there?

Answer 8

l=0 → m=0 → only one type of s orbital

Question 9

How many types of p orbitals (l=1) are there?

Answer 9

l=1 → m=-1,0,+1 → three types of p orbital (known as px, py, pz)

Question 10

How many types of d orbitals (l=2) are there?

Answer 10

l=2 → m=-2,-1,0,+1,+2 → five types of d orbital (known as dxy, dxz, dyz, dz2, dx2-y2)

Question 11

How many types of f orbitals (l=3) are there?

Answer 11

l=3 → m=-3,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,+3 → seven types of f orbital (known as fx3, fy3, fz3, fxyz, fx(z2-y2), fy(z2-y2), fz(x2-y2)

Question 12

What does the spin magnetic quantum number, m_s, tell us?

Answer 12

The direction of spin of the electron

Question 13

Give the principal quantum number for one of the outermost electrons in carbon

Answer 13

Carbon’s outer electron in is the 2nd energy level, so n=2

Question 14

Give the angular momentum number for one of the outermost electrons in carbon

Answer 14

Carbon is a p-block element. It’s outer most electrons occupy a p-orbital, so l=1

Question 15

Which of the following magnetic quantum numbers is not possible in the ground state for one of carbon’s outermost electrons?

A -1

B 0

C +1

D +2

Answer 15

Carbon is a p-block element. It’s outer most electrons occupy a p-orbital, so l=1. This means the values of m allowed are -1,0,+1 (since there are 3 types of p orbital). m=-2 is not allowed.

Question 16

Describe the shape of an s orbital

Answer 16

Sphere

Question 17

Describe the shape of p orbitals

Answer 17

Dumbbells across the axes

Question 18

Describe the shape of d orbitals

Answer 18

Occur in five different orientations ​

Question 19

Electrons in the same orbital will have identical quantum numbers.

True or false?

Answer 19

The four quantum numbers provide an address for the electron. No two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers.