Unit 1 - AOS3 - Research Methods....

Question 1

Controlled experiment

Answer 1

Investigates cause and effect relationship between 2 or more variables, by manipulating one variable and observing impact on other variable(s).

Neither article involves a controlled experiment, as they are both investigating any type of relationships and associations between variables, rather then a direct, cause-and effect relationship

Question 2

Independent variable

Answer 2

Condition that is manipulated by researcher to study the effect on another variable.

eg. Neither study involves an IV, as this term does not apply to correlational studies- a variable of interest in both studies is screen time exposure

Question 3

Dependent variable

Answer 3

A variable that is measured to identify the impact of the manipulaton of the independent variable, on the participant’s behaviour.

Eg. neither study involves a dependent variable either, as this also does not apply to correlational studies.
Article 1 - measures parent-child talk (adult words, child vocalisations and parent-child interactions) through LENA
Article 2 measures a child’s score on an online vocabulary assessment, and at age 5, score on a laboratory run vocabulary assessment

Question 4

Hypothesis - Define and formula

Answer 4

Testable prediction about likely outcome of experiment. In this instance it contains:
- the population of interest
- the co-variables involved
- a directional prediction about the interaction between those variables

Article 1: It is hypothesised that a negative correlation exists between amount of screen time exposure and recorded quantity of parent-child talk, over a period of 3 years, in Australian children.

Article 2: It is hypothesised that a negative correlation exists between amount of screen time exposure and scores on vocabulary tests, over a period of 4 years, in Swedish children.

Question 5

Population - Define

Answer 5

The entire group of individuals with a specific characteristic that is of interest to the researcher

Article 1: Australian Children
Article 2: Swedish Children

Question 6

Sample - Define

Answer 6

Group of participants that are select from, and considered representative of, the population.

Article 1: Children born in WA, SA and Queensland, in 2016-2017
Article 2: Children born in OSter 2017

Question 7

Control Group

Question 8

Experimental Group

Question 9

Extraneous Variable

Question 10

Confounding Variable

Question 11

3 Sampling Methods + Assess benefits and disadvantages of each

Question 12

Types of experimental designs - Assess benefits and disadvantages of each

Question 13

Participant expectations and their influence on study

Question 14

Placebo

Question 15

Placebo effect

Question 16

Single-blind procedure

Question 17

Double-blinded procedure

Question 18

Methodologies of data collection

Question 19

Empirical evidence

Question 20

Primary Data - examples

Question 21

Secondary Data - examples

Question 22

Data modelling distinguished to Simulation

Question 23

Subjective Data

Question 24

Objective Data

Question 25

Qualitative vs Quantitative

Question 26

Mixed methods research

Question 27

Measures of centre

Question 28

Measures of variability

Question 29

Visual representations of data

Question 30

All ethical guidelines

Question 31

All ethical concepts