Unit 1 - AOS 2 Flashcards
Kidneys
Two organs where blood is filtered from any harmful substances (eg. Nitrogenous waste)
Ureters
Two fine tubes that transport urine from each kidney to the bladder
Bladder
Temporarily stores the urine from the kidneys, ready to be secreted out of the body
Urethra
Fine tube which transports the urine from the bladder out of the body
Sphincter
Ring of muscle at the end of the bladder, controls the exit of urine
Renal artery
Artery that brings blood from the heart to the kidneys, containing much nitrogen waste
Renal vein
Vein transports blood from kidneys back to the heart, containing less nitrogen waste
Cortex
Outermost layer of the kidneys, rough feeling due to presence of glomeruli, filtration of blood occurs here
Medulla
Innermost layer of the kidneys, contains the lower part of each nephron (eg. Loop of Henle)
Renal pelvis
Funnel shaped space at the top of the ureter where the urine collects
Glomerulus
Bundle of capillaries where the high pressure forces the blood into bowman’s capsule
Bowman’s capsule
Filtrate enters tubule and collects at this location
Nitrogenous waste
Waste products from the metabolic reactions in cells. Includes ammonia, urea (humans secrete this) and uric acid (in order of decreasing toxicity).
Filtration
The process of filtering out a substance from a liquid (eg. Kidneys filter out various nitrogenous wastes from the blood)
Reabsorption
The reabsorption of a substance by the body back into the bloodstream (eg. Reabsorption readily takes place in the nephrons of the kidneys of water and various other materials)
