Cell Organelles

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

Contains the cytosol (gel substance within the cell) and all the organelles within the cell

Question 2

Cell wall

Answer 2

Found only in prokaryotes and plant cells, the cell wall is the strong outer layer of the cell (made of cellulose) which keeps the shape of the cell.

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

The small organelles involved in the synthesis of proteins which can be found in the cytoplasm or in the endoplasmic reticulum (rough)

Question 4

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

The large organelle which mostly surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, is responsible for the production, processing, transport and storing of substances within the cell. Can be studded with ribosomes (rough) or can be by itself (smooth).

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

The large, membrane-bound organelle which stores the genetic material (DNA in the form of chromosomes) for mRNA to copy and continue with the process of protein synthesis.

Question 6

Nucleolus

Answer 6

The small, membrane-bound organelle within the nucleus which is involved in the production of ribosomes.

Question 7

Lysosomes

Answer 7

Involved in the creation of various enzymes, particularly in the disposal of wate. The lysosomes also control cell suicide (apoptosis)

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

The small, membrane-bound organelles found in all eukaryotic cells, which converts glucose into a suitable form of energy which can be utilised by the cell (ATP).

Question 9

Chloroplast

Answer 9

The green pigmented organelles which are found only in plant cells. Contains chlorophyll which allows the cell to undergo photosynthesis (in the presence of the sun, the chloroplast converts inorganic compounds into organic compounds, to be used by the other parts of the cell).

Question 10

Vacuole

Answer 10

The membrane-bound sac which contains a liquid which stores various substances within the cell, which also holds the shape of the cell. Only found in eukaryotic cells and are typically larger in plant cells. The membrane of the vacuole is known as the tonoplast.

Question 11

Vesicles

Answer 11

Small sac structures involved in the transportation of proteins around and out of the cell. Different types of vesicles are created by the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.

Question 12

Plasma membrane

Answer 12

The phospholipid bilayer found in all cells which keeps the cells shape. Due to its permeability, it allows substances to move into and out of the cell.

Question 13

Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

The stack of flat membrane-bound sacs which are involved in the packaging and modifying of the proteins created by the ribosomes, in preparation of moving the, around and out of the cell via a vesicle.

Question 14

Cillia/flagella

Answer 14

Found in animal cells and prokaryotes, these projections allow the cell to move through an aqueous solution. The cilia are tiny finger-like projections whereas the flagella is a longer, tail-like projection