Unit 1 AOS 1 Outcome 1

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of cell theory?

Answer 1

1. All cells come from pre existing cells
2. Cells are the most basic unit of life
3. All organisms are composed of cells

Question 2

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

Most basic type of cell, no membrane bound organelles

Question 3

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

More complex cells, comprised of membrane bound organelles

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Site of cellular respiration, supplying energy for the cell

Question 5

Chloroplast

Answer 5

Site of photosynthesis in plant cells, converting sunlight into energy

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Contains genetic material of the cell, found in ALL eukaryotic cells

Question 7

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 7

Packages materials to be exported out of the cell

Question 8

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 8

Transports substances within the cell. Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum doesn’t

Question 9

Surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)

Answer 9

A measure of balance between the volume of the cell and the surface area. As cytoplasm increases, surface area decreases.

Question 10

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 10

Demonstrates the structure of the cell membrane comprised of a phospholipid bilayer as well as proteins, carbs and cholesterol

Question 11

Phosopholipid

Answer 11

Structure that makes up majority of the plasma membrane. Comprised of a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails

Question 12

Cholesterol (in relation to the cell membrane)

Answer 12

Stopes freezing + keeps fluidity and stability

Question 13

Proteins (in relation to the cell membrane)

Answer 13

Acts as doorways

Question 14

Sugars (in relation to the cell membrane)

Answer 14

Used for communication and attachment to other cells

Question 15

Passive Diffusion

Answer 15

Requires no energy, moves very small, uncharged particles through the plasma membrane from high concentration to low concentration

Question 16

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 16

Doesn’t require energy, transport proteins allow molecules to travel from higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 17

Active transport

Answer 17

Requires energy (ATP) to move particles quicker through transport proteins, can move against concentration gradient

Question 18

Osmosis

Answer 18

Requiring no energy, process of moving water through the cell membrane

Question 19

Endocytosis

Answer 19

The process of cells taking in large molecules through vesicles

Question 20

Exocytosis

Answer 20

The process of secreting molecules from the cell through vesicles fusing with te cell wall