Unit 1 and 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

Zygote

Answer 1

a fertilized egg

Question 2

Meiosis

Answer 2

the type of cell division that results in the production of gametes

Question 3

Gamete

Answer 3

the sex cells (ex. egg and sperm cell)

Question 4

Haploid

Answer 4

half of the normal chromosome number in cells

Question 5

Random Assortment

Answer 5

when traits on chromosomes are sorted randomly into gametes

Question 6

Somatic Cell

Answer 6

body cells

Question 7

Homologous Pair

Answer 7

chromosomes that have the same gene at the same location

Question 8

Mitosis

Answer 8

the type of cell division that results in the production of somatic cells.

Question 9

Diploid

Answer 9

the normal chromosome number in cells

Question 10

Crossing Over

Answer 10

the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosome pairs

Question 11

Mutations

Answer 11

any change to the genetic material

Question 12

Phenotype

Answer 12

the physical traits expressed by genes

Question 13

Dominant

Answer 13

the allele that is always expressed when present

Question 14

Homozygous

Answer 14

containing two of the same alleles

Question 15

Punnett Square

Answer 15

a diagram used to find and analyze the possible genetic combinations of offspring

Question 16

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 16

the physical traits of the parents will blend together

Question 17

Gene

Answer 17

a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait

Question 18

Co-Dominance

Answer 18

both physical traits of the parents will be expressed

Question 19

Genotype

Answer 19

the combination of alleles that determines a trait

Question 20

Recessive

Answer 20

the allele that is only expressed when the dominant trait is missing

Question 21

Allele

Answer 21

different versions of the same gene

Question 22

Autosomal Recessive Trait

Answer 22

a genetic condition occurs when the child inherits one mutated copy of a gene from each parent

Question 23

Carriers

Answer 23

they each carry one copy of the mutated gene and can pass it to their children.

Question 24

Autosomal Dominant Trait

Answer 24

a way a genetic trait or condition can be passed down from parent to child.

Question 25

circle in a pedigree

Answer 25

female

Question 26

square in a pedigree

Answer 26

male

Question 27

unshaded in a pedigree

Answer 27

unaffected or did not inherit the trait

Question 28

shaded in a pedigree

Answer 28

inherited the trait

Question 29

half shaded in a pedigree

Answer 29

carrier