Unit 1 and 2 Vocabulary Flashcards
Zygote
a fertilized egg
Meiosis
the type of cell division that results in the production of gametes
Gamete
the sex cells (ex. egg and sperm cell)
Haploid
half of the normal chromosome number in cells
Random Assortment
when traits on chromosomes are sorted randomly into gametes
Somatic Cell
body cells
Homologous Pair
chromosomes that have the same gene at the same location
Mitosis
the type of cell division that results in the production of somatic cells.
Diploid
the normal chromosome number in cells
Crossing Over
the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosome pairs
Mutations
any change to the genetic material
Phenotype
the physical traits expressed by genes
Dominant
the allele that is always expressed when present
Homozygous
containing two of the same alleles
Punnett Square
a diagram used to find and analyze the possible genetic combinations of offspring
Incomplete Dominance
the physical traits of the parents will blend together
Gene
a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait
Co-Dominance
both physical traits of the parents will be expressed
Genotype
the combination of alleles that determines a trait
Recessive
the allele that is only expressed when the dominant trait is missing
Allele
different versions of the same gene
Autosomal Recessive Trait
a genetic condition occurs when the child inherits one mutated copy of a gene from each parent
Carriers
they each carry one copy of the mutated gene and can pass it to their children.
Autosomal Dominant Trait
a way a genetic trait or condition can be passed down from parent to child.
