Unit 1 - Anatomy - "Everything Else"

Question 1

State the difference between ligaments and tendons

Answer 1

Tendons connect muscle to muscle; located on each end of skeletal muscles and cross a joint. Ligaments connect muscle to bone, help thicken and reinforce joint capsule, prevent bones from dislocating during normal movement.

Question 2

Function of (Articulating) Cartilage

Answer 2

Allows smooth movement, protects bone endings.

Question 3

Function of Periosteum

Answer 3

Layer of fibres covering bone allowing tendons or ligaments to attach to bone.

Question 4

Function of the Medullary Cavity

Answer 4

Filled with red and yellow marrow, red for production of rbc, platelets, and most wbc. Yellow is made of fat (adipose) and has no role in blood making.

Question 5

Function of Cancellous Bone

Answer 5

Small cavity-like spaces filled with marrow, strengthen with exercise.

Question 6

Function of Compact Bone

Answer 6

Dense part of bone responsible for structural integrity.

Question 7

Function of Diaphysis

Answer 7

Bone is thickest here, aka shaft.

Question 8

Function of Epiphysis

Answer 8

Ends of bones, made of cartilage and compact bone.

Question 9

Function of Cortex

Answer 9

Exterior layer of bone, dense and smooth. Interior core consists of network of fibres (trabeculae) that mesh with blood vessels and bone marrow.

Question 10

Function of Trabeculae

Answer 10

Consist of bony - fibres arranged in strut-like system running throughout cancellous tissue. Density varies with type of bone and amount of stress it bears.

Question 11

3 major joint classes and examples

Answer 11

Fibrous - (immobile) skull bones
Cartilaginous - (semi-mobile) intervertebral disks of spinal column
Synovial - (mobile) knee

Question 12

Insertion and Origin of Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 12

Insertion: Mastoid Process
Origin: Sternum and Clavicle

Question 13

Insertion and Origin of Rectus Abdominus

Answer 13

Insertion: Xiphoid Process, Inferior Ribs
Origin: Pubic Crest, Symphysis Pubis

Question 14

Insertion and Origin of Trapezius

Answer 14

Insertion: Spine of Scapula, Clavicle, Acromion
Origin: Occipital bone (nuchal line), and cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Question 15

Insertion and Origin of Biceps Brachii

Answer 15

Insertion: Radial Tuberosity
Origin: Short Head on Coracoid Process, Long Head on Supraglenoid Tubercle

Question 16

Insertion and Origin of Triceps Brachii

Answer 16

Insertion: Olecranon (Upper part of Ulna)
Origin: Lateral Head on Posterior aspect of Humerus, Long Head on Infraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula, Medial Head on Posterior aspect of Humerus, distal to Lateral Head

Question 17

Insertion and Origin of Rectus Femoris

Answer 17

Insertion: Becomes Patellar Tendon, inserts on Tibial Tuberosity
Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

Question 18

Pair of Deltoid (Agonist/Antagonist)

Answer 18

Latissimus Dorsi

Question 19

Pair of Biceps (Agonist/Antagonist)

Answer 19

Triceps

Question 20

Pair of Gluteus Medius (Agonist/Antagonist)

Answer 20

Adductor Magnus

Question 21

Pair of Quadriceps (Agonist/Antagonist)

Answer 21

Hamstrings

Question 22

Pair of Gastrocnemius (Agonist/Antagonist)

Answer 22

Tibialis Anterior

Question 23

Pair of Soleus (Agonist/Antagonist)

Answer 23

Tibialis Anterior

Question 24

Pair of Latissimus Dorsi (Agonist/Antagonist)

Answer 24

Deltoid

Question 25

Pair of Triceps (Agonist/Antagonist)

Answer 25

Biceps

Question 26

Pair of Adductor Magnus (Agonist/Antagonist)

Answer 26

Gluteus Medius

Question 27

Pair of Hamstrings (Agonist/Antagonist)

Answer 27

Quadriceps

Question 28

Pair of Tibialis Anterior (Agonist/Antagonist)

Answer 28

Gastrocnemius + Soleus

Question 29

6 types of synovial joints

Answer 29

Ball and Socket, Hinge, Gliding, Pivot, Saddle, Ellipsoid

Question 30

Example of:
Ball and Socket
Hinge
Gliding
Pivot
Saddle
Ellipsoid

Answer 30

Hip, Shoulder
Elbow, Finger
Bones of Wrist and Ankle
Atlas and Axis
Thumb
Wrist between Radius and Carpal Bones